نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

بررسی ترکیب فصلی، فراوانی و تنوع‌زیستی جوامع درشت بی‌مهرگان کفزی در رودخانة خرمارود، استان گلستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه شیلات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به اینکه بی‌مهرگان کفزی به‌عنوان شاخص‌زیستی در بوم‌سازگان‌های آبی مطرح می‌باشند؛ این مطالعه با هدف بررسی فراوانی و تنوع زیستی جوامع درشت بی‌مهرگان در رودخانة خرمارود، استان گلستان صورت گرفت. نمونه‌های کفزی به‌صورت فصلی از 5 ایستگاه با سه تکرار با استفاده از نمونه­بردارگرب با سطح پوشش (225 سانتی‌متر مربع) در سال 1399 جمع‌آوری گردید. در مجموع تعداد 819 نمونه از موجودات بی‌مهره که متعلق به 6 راسته و 10 خانواده شناسایی شدند، که بیش‌ترین تنوع مربوط به راستة حشرات با 7 خانواده و بیش‌ترین فراوانی متعلق به Chironomidae (31/5 درصد) و سپس Tubificidae (22/47 درصد) می‌باشد. فصل بهار با 45 درصد بیشترین و فصل زمستان با 22 درصد کمترین میزان فراوانی را نشان شدند. بیش‌ترین فراوانی درشت بی‌مهرگان در ایستگاه 1 در بخش بالادست رودخانه (جنگلی-کشاورزی) (40/66 درصد) و کمترین مقدار آن در ایستگاه 5 پایین‌دست (قبل از اتصال به رودخانة چهل‌چای) (86/5 درصد) به‌دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که بیش‌ترین میزان شاخص‌های تنوع شانون و سیمپسون در ایستگاه بالادست رودخانه، در فصل پاییز به ترتیب (0/32 ± 1/96) و (0/11 ± 0/85) به‌دست آمد. همچنین بیش‌ترین مقدار شاخص غنای گونه‌ای مارگالف در ایستگاه 3 در بخش میان‌دست رودخانه (نزدیکی به روستا و کشاورزی) فصل زمستان (0/4 ± 2/06) و شاخص یکنواختی پیلو در ایستگاه میان دست (0/19 ± 0/94) بهار بود. طبق آنالیز مقیاس‌گذاری چند بعدی (MDS) پراکنش کف‌زیان در بین ایستگاه‌ها، سه گروه مجزا را نشان داد. نتایج PCA نشان داد که مواد آلی و رس مهمترین عوامل محیطی در تغییرات جوامع بی‌مهره در رودخانة خرمارود، استان گلستان است. بر اساس یافته‌های این مطالعه به نظر می‌رسد افزایش مواد آلی از مناطق کشاورزی، پساب‌های شهری و روستایی هم‌جوار باعث افزایش آلودگی و افزایش گونه‌های مقاوم به آلودگی از جمله Tubificidae و Chironomidae شده است، که استفاده از شاخص‌های زیستی می‌تواند به‌عنوان ابزار مناسبی جهت ارزیابی کیفیت منابع آبی بکار برده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of seasonal composition, abundance and biodiversity of macroinvertebrate communities in Khormarud river, Golestan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Gholizadeh
  • Abolfazl Peykar Porsan
  • Raheleh Motamedi

Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Gonbad kavous, Gonbad kavos, Iran

چکیده [English]

Benthic macroinvertebrate communities are a biological indicator in aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to investigate the abundance and biodiversity of macroinvertebrate communities in Khormarud River, Golestan Province. Macroinvertebrate samples were collected seasonally from 5 stations with three replications in 2020 using a Vanveen grab with a cover area (225 cm2). A total of 819 specimens of macroinvertebrate belonging to 6 orders and 10 families were identified, with the highest diversity belonging to the order of insects with 7 families and the highest abundance belonging to Chironomidae (31.5%) and then Tubificidae (22.47%). Spring with 45% had the highest and winter with 22% had the lowest abundance. The highest distribution of macroinvertebrate was obtained in station 1 in upstream (40.66%) and the lowest in station 5 in downstream (5.86%). The results showed that the highest Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were obtained in station 1 in upstream of autumn season (1.96 ± 0.32) and (0.85 ± 0.11), respectively. Also, the highest values ​​of Margalf species richness index in station 3 in midstream of winter (2.06 ± 0.4) and Pielou's evenness index in station 3 (0.94 ± 0.19) were spring. According to the Multidimensional Scale Analysis (MDS), the distribution of macroinvertebrate among the stations showed three distinct groups. PCA results showed that organic matter and clay are the most important environmental factors in the changes of macroinvertebrate communities in Khormarud river, Golestan province. The results showed that this river due to increased organic matter from agricultural areas, adjacent urban and rural wastewater caused increased contamination of the benthos resistant to the pollution, including Tubificidae and Chironomidae, these indicators could be used as useful tools for evaluating water supplies quality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Macroinvertebrate
  • Biological index
  • Khormarud river
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 75، شماره 1
خرداد 1401
صفحه 38-48