آیا فاکتورهای جمعیت شناختی می‌توانند رفتارهای حامی محیط زیست طبیعت‌گردان را پیش‌بینی کنند؟

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه لرستان

2 دانشگاه لرستان - تخصص مدیریت پایدار جنگل

3 دانشگاه فردوسی

4 هیات علمی دانشگاه مالاگا اسپانیا

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر، همزمان با تشدید مشکلات محیط زیستی در سطح جهانی، پایداری مقاصد طبیعت‌گردی نیز با چالش‌هایی روبرو شده است. از آنجا که در اکثر موارد، انسانها مسبب اصلی مشکلات محیط زیستی هستند، در صورت عدم تغییر رفتار، اثرات تخریب‌های غیرقابل برگشت انسانی، حیات در کره زمین را به خطر خواهد انداخت. از این روی نظارت و مدیریت بر عرصه‌های طبیعی نیاز به رفتارهای حامی محیط زیست برای به حداقل رساندن تأثیرات منفی فعالیت‌های انسانی بر محیط زیست دارد. این رفتارهای حامی محیط زیست در جوامع مختلف تحت تاثیر عوامل مختلف اجتماعی (جمعیت‌شناختی)، بیرونی و دورنی قرار دارند. هدف مطالعه حاضر بررسی تاثیر فاکتورهای جمعیت‌شناختی (جنسیت، وضعیت تأهل، سن، تحصیلات، درآمد و وضعیت شغلی، تحصیلات و شغل والدین) بر میزان رفتار حامی محیط زیست طبیعت‌گردان است. جمعیت آماری تحقیق شامل کلیه طبیعت‌گردان مناطق طبیعت‌گردی پارک طبیعت شمخال و پارک جنگلی طبیعی ارتوکند است. برای رسیدن به این هدف، بر اساس فرمول کوکران تعداد 760 پرسشنامه (384 پرسشنامه در ارتوکند، 376 پرسشنامه در شمخال)، در تابستان و پاییز 1398 به روش نمونه-گیری تصادفی و به صورت مصاحبه حضوری تکمیل گردید. داده‌های مربوط به فاکتورهای جمعیت شناسی و رفتارهای محیط زیستی طبیعت گردان از طریق این پرسش نامه‌ها جمع آوری شد. متناسب با نوع داده ها و اطلاعات، از آزمون T دو نمونه مستقل و آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه(ANOVA) جهت تحلیل داده‌ها استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش بیانگر این است که سن، تحصیلات، شغل، درآمد، تحصیلات مادر و شغل پدر تاثیر معناداری بر میزان رفتارهای حامی محیط زیست طبیعت‌گردان دارند. همچنین یافته‌ها اشاره دارند که خانم‌های شاغل و طبیعت‌گردان تحصیل‌کرده با درآمد متوسط، که مادران تحصیل‌کرده و پدرانی با شغل‌های دولتی دارند، افراد محیط زیست‌گرا‌تری هستند و رفتارهای حامی محیط زیست بیشتری نسبت سایر طبیعت‌گردان دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Do the demographic factors can predict pro-environmental behavior of ecotourists?

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samaneh Motamedi Barabadi 1
  • Rahim Maleknia 2
  • Hamid Shayan 3
  • Fernando Almeida García 4

1 Lorestan University

2 Forestry Department, Lorestan University

3 Ferdowsi University

4 University of malage

چکیده [English]

In recent years, as environmental problems getting worse throughout the earth, popular and nature tourism destinations face challenges in preserving ecological and sustainability resources. Monitoring and managing these natural areas requires Pro-Environmental Behavior to minimize the harmful effects of human activities on the environment. However, these targeted actions namely pro-environmental behaviors, are frequently influenced by various factors. The purpose of this research is investigating the influence of socio-demographic factors (gender, marital status, age, education, income and occupation status, education and occupation of parent) on pro-environmental behaviors of ecotourists. The statistical population of the study includes all ecotourists of Shamkhal Nature Park and Ortokand Natural Forest Park in Khorasan Razavi province of Iran. After filling 760 questionnaires in summer and autumn of 2018 by face to face method, in accordance with the type of collected data and information, T-test and ANOVA were used for data analysis in SPSS 20 software. The results show that age, education, occupation, income, mother's education and father's job have significant effect on pro-environmental behaviors of ecotourists. Also the findings indicate that eemployed women and educated ecotourists with medium income, who have educated mothers and fathers with governmental jobs, are more environmental and doing more pro-environmental behaviors than other ecotourists.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Eco-tourists
  • Pro-Environmental Behavior
  • sustainable tourism
  • Shamkhal Nature Park
  • Ortokand Natural Forest Park
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