تغییرات گروه گونه های پوشش گیاهی در ارتباط با عوامل محیطی و مدیریتی در اکوسیستم های کوهستانی زاگرس (مطالعه موردی: بانه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، شهر ملایر، استان همدان، ایران.

2 استاد گروه احیا مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

3 دکتری، دانشگاه تهران

4 دانشیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه شهرکرد

چکیده

چکیده
این مطالعه تغییرات گروه‌گونه‌های گیاهی را در ارتباط با عوامل محیطی و مدیریتی در مراتع کوهستانی بانه-کردستان بررسی کرده است. برای این منظور 4 گروه‌گونه گیاهی بوته‌زار، علفزار، بوته‌زار-علفزار و گراسلند هر کدام با 3 سایت، در منطقه مورد مطالعه شناسایی گردید. در هر سایت تعداد 30 پلات 2 متر مربعی به روش تصادفی-سیستماتیک مستقر گردید و تعداد 10 پروفیل خاک در مرکز پلاتهای هر سایت تا عمق 30 سانتیمتری حفر گردید (در مجموع برای هر گروه‌گونه 90 پلات و 30 نمونه خاک) و کلیه فاکتورهای گیاهی، خاکی، توپوگرافی و مدیریتی در همه سایت‌ها اندازه-گیری شد. نتایج آنالیز چند متغیره تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی (PCA) نشان داد که دو محور اول و دوم، در مجموع 73% از تغییرات صفات گیاهی گروه‌گونه‌ها را توجیه می‌کنند. گروه‌گونه‌های علفزار و بوته‌زار-علفزار با متغیرهای رس، مواد آلی، نیتروژن، عمق خاک، پتاسیم و سیلت عمق اول و هدایت الکتریکی عمق دوم و دامنه شمالی ارتباط مستقیم دارند. گراسلند با فاکتورهای سیلت، عمق دوم، اسیدیته، آهک عمق دوم و دامنه جنوبی و گروه بوته‌زار با متغیرهای شن، سنگریزه عمقی و سطحی، دامنه جنوبی و چرای دام ارتباط مستقیم دارد، به عبارت دیگر توپوگرافی، چرا و فاکتورهای فیزیکی خاک به همراه نیتروژن و مواد آلی مهمترین عوامل تاثیرگذار در تفکیک گروه‌گونه‌های گیاهی بودند. گروه‌گونه-هایی که دارای گروه‌های عملکردی مختلفی بودند (بوته و علفی) تولید و پوشش، بیشتری داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Change in the group species of plants in relation to environmental and management factors in the Zagros mountainous ecosystems (Case study: Baneh)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bakhtiar Fattahi 1
  • Mohammad Ali Zare Chahouki 2
  • Mohammad Jafari 3
  • Hossein Azarnivand 3
  • Pezhman Tahmasebi 4

1 Range and watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Hamedan Province, Iran.

2 Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

3 Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

4 Associate Professor, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahre Kord University, Shahre Kord, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
This study was conducted to analysis the changes in plant group species (PGS) in relation to environmental and management factors in mountain rangelands of Baneh-Kurdestan, Iran. For this purpose 4 plant group species: shrub, forb, grass and shrub-forb (3sites for each PGS) were defined in the study area. There were established 30 plots (2m2) in each site via classified random method. Also in the center of plots we had 10 soil profiles into sampling in each site. All of vegetation, soil and topography and management (grazing intensity) factors were measured in the plots (in total, 90 plots and 30 soil samples for each PGS). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that first and second axes, in total, explain 73% of changes in the traits of plant group species. Two PGS of forb and shrub-forb are directly related to clay, organic matter, nitrogen, soil depth, potassium, silt 1th, and the first depth and electrical conductivity 2th and northern aspect. Grasses affected by silt 2th, pH, CaO 2th, southern aspect and shrubs are related to sand, gravel (surface and below ground), southern aspect and grazing intensity. On the other word, topography, grazing intensity, nitrogen, organic matter and soil physical factors were the most important factors in the separation of plant group species. The plant group species that had different functional groups (Shrub and forb) had more production and coverage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Structure
  • Function
  • life form
  • Rangeland
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