نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

ارزیابی راه ‏حل‏ های مبتنی بر طبیعت جهت بهبود آسایش روانی با تأکید بر ادراکات گروه ‏های جنسیتی و سنی (مطالعة باغ ائل‎‏گلی تبریز)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

2 گروه برنامه ‏ریزی شهری و منطقه ‏ای، دانشکدة برنامه ‏ریزی و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2024.384857.2724

چکیده

دوری از طبیعت و فضاهای سبز در کنار افزایش استرس‌های ناشی از زندگی شهری، به تشدید مشکلات روانی مانند اضطراب، افسردگی و خستگی ذهنی منجر شده است. در این میان، راه‌حل‌های مبتنی بر طبیعت به ‏عنوان یکی از رویکردهای نوین و کارا برای تعدیل اثرات منفی زندگی شهری و بهبود آسایش روانی مطرح شده‌اند. هدف این پژوهش ارزیابی ادراکات گروه‌های سنی و جنسیتی مختلف نسبت به سناریوهای مبتنی بر طبیعت (گونه‏ های گیاهی بومی و سازگار با تأکید بر فرم زیبایی ‏شناختی تاج پوشش) در باغ ائل‌گلی تبریز است. پژوهش حاضر براساس ماهیت و شیوة گردآوری داده ‏ها، کمی و با ابزار پرسشنامة تصویری محقق‏ ساخته انجام گرفته است. در پرسشنامه از هشت سناریوی تصویری به ‏ترتیب سه سناریو به‌‏صورت طراحی کاشت تکی یعنی افرای شبه ‏چناری، نارون چتری و کاج ایرانی و چهار سناریو به‏ صورت طراحی کاشت ترکیبی و در نهایت از سناریوی وضع موجود استفاده گردید. متغیرهای مورد استفاده جهت بررسی آسایش روانی پیرامون سناریوهای پژوهش منطبق بر نظریة بازیابی توجه کاپلان‏ ها انتخاب شدند. جامعة آماری شامل شهروندان (شهر تبریز) استفاده ‏کننده از باغ ائل‏گلی بود. حجم نمونة مورد نیاز توسط فرمول کوکران 384 نفر برآورد گردید و از روش نمونه‏ گیری در دسترس (توزیع پرسشنامه ‏های آنلاین در شبکه ‏های اجتماعی) داده ‏ها جمع ‏آوری شدند. به‏ طور کلی از میان سناریوهای پژوهش، سناریوی ترکیبی نارون چتری و کاج ایرانی با ضریب همبستگی 0/515 (آزمون اسپیرمن) و میانگین رتبة 5/84 (آزمون فریدمن) بیشترین تأثیرگذاری بر آسایش روانی را نشان داد. همچنین افراد با سن بالاتر ترجیحات بیشتری را برای سناریوهای تک کاشت دارند و برای افراد با سن پایین‏ تر برعکس بود. از نقطه نظر تفاوت‏ های جنسیتی، خانم‏ ها ترجیحات بیشتری برای سناریوهای ترکیبی داشتند در حالی‌که برای آقایان سناریوهای تک کاشت مطلوبیت بیشتری داشت. بنابراین یافته‌ها­ی این پژوهش اهمیت در نظر گرفتن تفاوت‌های جمعیت ­شناختی در برنامه‌ریزی فضای سبز شهری را نشان می‌دهد تا فضاهای سبز نیازها و ترجیحات متنوع همة ساکنان را برآورده ‌کنند و پذیرای تعداد بیشتری از مراجعین باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of nature-based solutions for enhancing psychological comfort with emphasis on gender and age group perceptions (Case study: El-Goli garden, Tabriz)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Arman Rastkhadiv 1
  • Akbar Rahimi 2

1 Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

2 Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Urban living and its increasing distance from nature and green spaces have exacerbated psychological issues such as anxiety, depression, and mental fatigue. In this context, nature-based solutions have emerged as an innovative and effective approach to mitigating the negative effects of urban life and enhancing psychological well-being. This study aims to assess the perceptions of different age and gender groups toward nature-based scenarios (native and adaptable plant species with an emphasis on the aesthetic form of the canopy) in El-Goli Garden, Tabriz. The research is quantitative and employs a researcher-designed visual questionnaire for data collection. In the questionnaire, eight visual scenarios were presented in order: three scenarios with single-species plantings, namely, Acer Pseudoplatanus, Ulmus densa, and Pinus eldarica; four scenarios with mixed-species plantings; and finally, the current scenario. The statistical population consisted of citizens who frequented El-Goli Garden. The required sample size was estimated at 384 individuals using Cochran's formula, and data were collected through convenience sampling by distributing online questionnaires via social media. Overall, among the research scenarios, the combined scenario of the Ulmus densa and the Pinus eldarica, with a correlation coefficient of 0.515 (Spearman's test) and a mean rank of 5.84 (Friedman's test), showed the greatest impact on psychological comfort. Additionally, older individuals showed a preference for single-species scenarios, while younger individuals preferred the opposite. From the perspective of gender differences, women had a greater preference for combined scenarios, while men found single-planting scenarios more desirable. Therefore, the findings of this research underscore the significance of taking demographic differences into account when planning urban green spaces, in order to cater to the diverse needs and preferences of all residents, as well as to accommodate a larger number of visitors.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aesthetic preferences
  • Attention recovery theory
  • Iranian garden
  • Nature-based solutions
  • Urban green infrastructure
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 77، شماره 3
آذر 1403
صفحه 551-563