نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

ارزیابی شرایط زیستگاهی، چالش‌ها و راهکارهای مدیریت گوزن زرد ایرانی، Dama dama mesopotamica Brooke, 1875 در استان‌های خشک کشور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌ زیست، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران.

2 گروه جغرافیای زیستی حفاظت، دانشگاه هومبولت برلین، برلین، آلمان.

3 گروه مدیریت حیات وحش، دانشکدة شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

4 گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکدة علوم، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

5 گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2024.370761.2639

چکیده

پراکنش گوزن زرد ایرانی،Dama dama mesopotamica Brooke, 1875  به­ عنوان زیرگونة در معرض خطر انقراض بیش از شش دهه محدود به مراکز تکثیر است. برنامة حفاظتی در برخی از مراکز کارآیی نسبتاً خوبی داشت اما بعضاً ناموفق بود. در این تحقیق با استفاده از روش‌شناسی ترکیبی شرایط زیستگاهی، چالش ­ها، راهکارها، تهدیدات انسانی و محیطی همچنین عملکرد مدیریتی در مراکز تکثیر گوزن زرد در سه استان خشک کشور یعنی ایلام، فارس و یزد ارزیابی شد. جمع‌آوری داده طی دو سال تحقیقات میدانی در سطح استان­ها انجام شد. چالش­ ها در دو گروه عمدة زیستگاهی (مساحت کم مراکز، فقر منابع و بحران­های محیطی) و جمعیتی (اثر طعمه ­خواری، جدال نرها، بیماری و ساختار نامناسب جمعیتی) بررسی شد که با وجود همبستگی مثبت فاقد معنی ­داری بود (0/027>P-value). میانگین سطح تهدیدات محیطی و انسانی به‌ترتیب در مناطق تحت حفاظت ارژن و پریشان (55%-52%)، مانشت-قلارنگ ایلام (50%-43%)، کوه­ خم ارسنجان (56%-41%) و باغ شادی یزد (47%-29%) برآورد گردید. عملکرد مدیریتی در تمام مناطق در سطح مقدماتی با محدودیت‌های زیاد همراه بود. امتیاز مدیریتی در ایلام و ارسنجان 50% در باغ شادی 46% و در ارژن-پریشان 44% بود. راهکارهای مناسب شامل گسترش مراکز، احیای پوشش گیاهی، احداث آخور و آبشخور استاندارد، احداث آب­ چاله ­ها برای آبتنی و دفع حشرات مزاحم، کنترل طعمه­ خواران، اصلاح ساختار جمعیت با نسبت جنسی و سنی مناسب، آموزش جوامع محلی، جلوگیری از دام و و انتقال بیماری و نصب دوربین­ های مدار بسته است. ارتقای سطح حفاظتی مناطق و رهاسازی در طبیعت به‌عنوان هدف نهایی تکثیر در اسارت باید همواره مورد پایش قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing habitat conditions, challenges and management measures for Persian fallow deer, Dama dama mesopotamica Brooke, 1875 in the dry provinces of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Yazdandad 1
  • Mahmood Soofi 2
  • Hamidreza Rezaei 3
  • Mansour Aliabadian 4
  • Seyed Mahmoud Ghasempouri 5

1 Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Noor, Iran.

2 Conservation Biogeography Lab, Department of Geography, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

3 Department of Wildlife Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (GUASNR), Gorgan, Iran.

4 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Iran.

5 Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Noor, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Distribution of Persian fallow deer (Dama dama mesopotamica Brooke, 1875) as an endangered species is limited to captive breeding sites in Iran for more than six decades. The conservation program was relatively effective in some sites, but unsuccessful in other sites. This research aimed to evaluate habitat conditions, challenges, solutions, human-induced and environmental threats, as well as management efficiency in fallow deer breeding sites in three provinces including Ilam, Fars and Yazd using a combined methodology. Data were collected during two years of field surveys in the regions and in provincial offices. Challenges were observed in two major groups, habitat threats (small area of sites, resource poverty and environmental crises), and population threats (predation, male conflict, disease and inappropriate population structure) which was not significant despite the positive correlation (P-value>0.27). The average level of threats around the sites was high. The level of environmental and human-induced threats was estimated 52% and 55% in Arjan and Parishan protected areas, 43% and 50% in Manasht and Ghalarang, 41% and 56% in Koh Khom, and 29% and 47% in Bagh-e Shadi, respectively. The management effectiveness in all protected areas was at a basic level with many limitations. Management opportunity scores were 50% in Ilam and Arsanjan, 46% in Bagh-e Shadi and 44% in Arjan and Parishan protected areas. Suitable solutions involve site area expansion, vegetation restoration, establishing standard feed mangers and water troughs, establishing an earthen pond or reservoir for swimming and repelling annoying insects, providing supplemental food, controlling predators, improvement demographic structure with appropriate sex and age ratios, educating local communities, keeping livestock away for preventing disease transmission, installing closed-circuit television cameras, improving conservation level in protected areas, and releasing in the wild, which is the ultimate goal of breeding in captivity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Conservation measures
  • Habitat conditions and resources
  • Habitat and population threats
  • Persian fallow deer
  • Semi-captive breeding
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 77، ویژه نامه بوم شناسی و مدیریت تنوع زیستی
مرداد 1403
صفحه 223-235