نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

شناسایی شاخص‌های مؤثر پایداری محیط‌ زیستی در استان‌های تهران و البرز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه پژوهشی اقتصاد منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، مؤسسه پژوهش‌های برنامه‌ریزی، اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعة روستایی، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2024.370468.2634

چکیده

از آنجا که هر گونه فعالیت برای ارتقای سطح کیفی زندگی انسان در محیط‌ زیست انجام می­ شود، بنابراین پایداری محیط‌ زیست و منابع آن بر فرآیند توسعه تأثیر به‌سزایی خواهد گذاشت. شاخص­ های محیط‌ زیستی به‌عنوان نخستین ارزیاب­ های فشار بر محیط‌ زیست، نقش مهمی در گزارش پایداری محیط‌ زیستی ایفا کرده و به تعیین وضعیت محیط‌ زیست و ارزیابی رهیافت ­های در نظر گرفته شده می­ پردازند. استان­ های تهران و البرز به‌دلیل بارگذاری بیش از حد جمعیت و فعالیت، با محدودیت منابع، رشد روزافزون جمعیت و تغییر الگوهای مصرف ماده و انرژی مواجه هستند که موجب شده است فشار وارده بر محیط‌ زیست و منابع طبیعی در این استان­ ها هر روز افزایش یابد. بنابراین در این مطالعه به تعیین میزان پایداری محیط‌ زیستی استان­ های تهران و البرز با شناسایی و انتخاب شاخص با استفاده از روش آنتروپی شانون اقدام شد. انتخاب ۱۳ شاخص مرتبط در دورة زمانی ۱۳۹۹−۱۳۸۳ و وزن­ دهی و محاسبة شاخص پایداری مرکب با استفاده از روش آنتروپی شانون نشان داد استان­ های تهران و البرز طی بازة زمانی مذکور شاهد روند کلی افت پایداری محیط‌ زیستی بوده­ و در سال 1398 ناپایدارترین وضعیت را تجربه نموده ­اند. همچنین آتش­ سوزی در جنگل­ ها و مراتع، و فعالیت­ های اجرایی آبخیزداری به‌ترتیب مهم­ترین شاخص­ های این مطالعه شناخته شدند که در مجموع 68 درصد از وزن نسبی کل شاخص ­ها را به‌خود اختصاص می ­دهند. فعالیت ­های بیابان‌زدایی، احداث شبکة جمع ­آوری فاضلاب و مقدار انواع کودهای شیمیایی از دیگر فاکتورهای تأثیرگذار در پایداری مرکب استان­ های مورد مطالعه بودند. مدیریت پایدار و اجتماع محور منابع طبیعی، ایجاد بازدارندگی در جرائم مربوط به آتش­ سوزی، تکمیل مطالعات تفصیلی و اجرایی حوضه‌های آبخیز و تشویق و ترغیب به استفاده از کودهای آلی، از پیشنهادهای مطالعة حاضر می ­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of the most effective indicators of environmental sustainability in Tehran and Alborz provinces

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mina Salehnia 1
  • Zahra Vahidi 2

1 Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Economics, Agricultural Planning, Economic and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI), Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Since any activity to improve the quality of human life is done in the environment, the state of the environment and its resources will affect the development process in terms of sustainability or unsustainability. Environmental indicators as the first evaluators of pressure on the environment, determining the state of the environment and evaluating the considered approaches, play an important role in the environmental sustainability report. Tehran and Alborz provinces are facing limited resources, increasing population growth and changing material and energy consumption patterns due to overloading of population and activity; which has caused the pressure on the environment and natural resources in these provinces to increase everyday. Therefore, in this study, the environmental sustainability of Tehran and Alborz provinces was determined with the approach of indices and Shannon entropy method. For this purpose, 13 indicators were selected for Tehran and Alborz provinces in the period of 2004-2020, which factors such as measurability and scientific suitability played an important role in collecting information. The weighting of indicators using the Shannon entropy method showed the highest relative weight with the amount of 0.392 (that is, more than a third of the total weights obtained) belongs to the fires in forests and pastures. The watershed management programs with a weight of 0.292 have been assigned the second importance. The calculation of the composite sustainability index also indicates that Tehran and Alborz provinces have seen a decline in environmental sustainability during 2004-2020. The activities carried out in the field of desertification, sewer network, and distributing chemical fertilizers have also been other effective factors to a lesser extent in the composite index in these years, which in total accounted for 16.9% of the weight of the indicators. Sustainable and community-oriented management of natural resources; Resolving legal deficiencies; completeness of detailed and operational studies of the remaining watershed management activities; and encouraging and persuading the use of organic fertilizers are recommendations of present study.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environment
  • Indicators
  • Shannon entropy
  • Sustainability
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 77، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1403
صفحه 1-13