نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

پایش تغییرات پوشش گیاهی و ارتباط آن با دمای سطح زمین و کاربری اراضی در شهرستان خداآفرین و کلیبر با استفاده از فناوری سنجش از دور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌ زیست، دانشکدة جغرافیا محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران.

2 گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکدة علوم محیطی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2023.365834.2602

چکیده

بررسی تغییرات تراکم پوشش‌های گیاهی و کاربری اراضی، یکی از مهم‌ترین جنبه‌های مدیریت منابع طبیعی و بازنگری در تغییرات محیطی است. در تحقیق حاضر با استفاده از تکنیک سنجش‌ازدور، پایش تغییرات پوشش گیاهی و ارتباط آن با دمای سطح زمین و کاربری اراضی در شهرستان خداآفرین و کلیبر با استفاده از فناوری سنجش‌از‌دور در طی دورة ۲۲ ساله (2022-2000) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. جهت انجام تحلیل‌های آماری و بصری بر روی تصاویر ماهواره‌ای، از نرم‌افزارهای Envi 5.6 و Arc GIS10.8 استفاده ‌شد. برای بررسی تغییرات مساحت و کیفیت پوشش گیاهی از شاخص NDVI استفاده شد. همچنین، به‌منظور بررسی تغییرات کیفی پوشش گیاهی، مقادیر عددی این شاخص به سه ‌طبقة متراکم، نیمه‌متراکم، ضعیف یا فاقد پوشش گیاهی طبقه‌بندی شد و تغییرات دمایی سطح زمین در دورة مطالعاتی با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای لندست محاسبه شد و سپس نقشه‌های کاربری اراضی براساس روش طبقه‌بندی نظارت‌شده و از طریق الگوریتم حداکثر تشابه استخراج شد. براساس تجزیه‌وتحلیل‌های صورت گرفته مشخص گردید، در بازة زمانی مورد مطالعه، ۵۸۱۹۶ هکتار حدوداً ۶/۱۵ درصد تراکم پوشش گیاهی انبوه و ۳۸۴۱۵ هکتار حدوداً 10/2درصد تراکم پوشش گیاهی نیمه‌متراکم از بین رفته است. در حقیقت ۹۶۶۱۱ هکتار حدوداً 25/8 درصد از تراکم پوشش گیاهی متراکم و نیمه‌متراکم طی 22 سال تبدیل به دیگر کاربری‌های شده است. بررسی کاربری اراضی منطقه نشان داد که تغییرات تراکم پوشش گیاهی بیشتر مربوط به کاربری اراضی زراعی و باغی و مراتع می‌باشد و در طول  دورة مورد مطالعه بیشترین تخریب مربوط به تراکم پوشش گیاهی انبوه می‌باشد. در نهایت، بررسی ارتباط پوشش گیاهی و دمای سطح زمین (LST) نشان داد شاخص پوشش گیاهی (NDVI) همبستگی منفی و معکوسی با دمای سطح زمین دارد و در اکثر مناطقی که  پوشش گیاهی انبوه‌تری دارند؛ دمای کمتری را نشان می‌دهد. نتایج تحقیق گویای این مطلب است که مهم‌ترین عامل تغییرات تراکم پوشش گیاهی در منطقه، فعالیت‌های انسانی از جمله کشاورزی، ساخت و ساز و راه‌سازی، موجب تغییرات بسیاری در  پوشش سطح زمین شده است، تجزیه‌وتحلیل مساحت این کاربری‌ها نشان داد که سطح اراضی کشاورزی و مراتع افزایش چشمگیری پیداکرده که عمدتاً این افزایش نتیجة تبدیل تراکم پوشش گیاهی انبوه به‌خصوص جنگل‌ها به کشاورزی می‌باشد. نتایج پژوهش حاضر می‌تواند مورد استفادة سازمان‌های جهاد کشاورزی، منابع طبیعی و وزارت کشور قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Monitoring changes in vegetation cover and its relationship with surface temperature and land use in Khodaafrin and Kalibar cities using Remote sensing technology

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Khodaie 1
  • Rahman Zandi 2

1 Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.

2 Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Planning, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Investigating changes in vegetation density and land use is one of the most important aspects of natural resource management and reviewing environmental changes. In this research, using remote sensing technique, the monitoring of changes in vegetation cover and its relationship with surface temperature and land use in Khoda Afarin and Kalibar cities were investigated using remote sensing technology during a period of 22 years (2000-2022). To perform statistical and visual analysis on satellite images, Envi 5.6 and Arc GIS 10.8 software were used. NDVI index was used to investigate changes in vegetation area and quality. Also, in order to investigate qualitative changes in vegetation, the numerical values of this index were classified into three classes: dense, semi-dense, weak or no vegetation, and the temperature changes of the earth's surface during the study period using It was calculated from Landsat satellite images and then the land use maps were extracted based on the supervised classification method and through the maximum similarity algorithm. Based on the analysis, it was determined that in the studied period, 58,196 hectares, about 15.6% of dense vegetation density, and 38,415 hectares, about 10.2% of semi-dense vegetation density, have been lost. In fact, 96,611 hectares, about 25.8% of the density of dense and semi-dense vegetation, have been converted to other uses in 22 years. The study of land use in the region showed that the changes in vegetation density are mostly related to the use of agricultural and garden lands and pastures, and during the study period, the most destruction is related to dense vegetation density. Finally, investigating the relationship between vegetation cover and land surface temperature (LST) showed that the vegetation cover index (NDVI) has a negative and inverse correlation with the land surface temperature and in most areas that have denser vegetation cover; shows a lower temperature. The results of the research show that the most important factor in the changes in vegetation density in the region is human activities such as agriculture, construction and road construction, which have caused many changes in the land surface, the analysis of the area of these land uses shows He said that the level of agricultural lands and pastures has increased significantly, which is mainly the result of the conversion of dense vegetation, especially forests, to agriculture. The results of this research can be used by the organizations of agricultural jihad, natural resources and the Ministry of Interior.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Earth surface temperature
  • Khodafarin-Kalibar
  • Land use
  • Vegetation
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 77، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1403
صفحه 59-73