نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

بررسی حضور و ویژگی‌های میکروپلاستیک‌ها در آب‌های سطحی رودخانة ‌زاینده‌رود

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌ زیست، دانشکدة کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران.

2 گروه خاکشناسی، واحد اصفهان(خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2023.361972.2577

چکیده

امروزه مقادیر زیادی از انواع آلاینده‌های آب، از جمله زباله‌های دارویی، رنگ‌ها، پلاستیک‌ها، آفت‌کش‌ها و زباله‌های معدنی، به‌وسیلة انسان به طبیعت تخلیه می‌شود. یکی از آلاینده‌های نوظهور که به‌طور جدی بر کیفیت آب تأثیر می‌گذارد، میکروپلاستیک‌ها هستند. نگرانی روزافزون جهانی در مورد قرار گرفتن انسان در معرض میکرو‌پلاستیک‌ها تحقیق در مورد فراوانی، سرنوشت و اثرات آن‌ها را ضروری می‌کند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی توزیع مکانی میکرو‌پلاستیک‌ها و تعیین منبع احتمالی آن‌ها از سرچشمه تا پایاب رودخانة زاینده رود  انجام شد. بدین‌منظور، نمونه‌برداری آب از 17 ایستگاه انجام و نمونه‌ها به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. به‌منظور هضم مواد آلی، نمونه‌ها به‌مدت 48 ساعت با استفاده از پراکسید‌ هیدروژن30 درصد هضم و سپس از کاغذ صافی 45 میکرومتر عبور داده شدند. میکروپلاستیک‌های هر کاغذ صافی با استفاده از میکروسکوپ نوری جداسازی و شمارش گردید و نوع پلیمر آن‌ها توسط دستگاه رامان شناسایی شد. محدودة فراوانی ذرات میکرو‌پلاستیک‌ها، 49-2 ذره در یک لیتر آب و فیبر و خرده‌ ذره به‌عنوان فراوان‌ترین اشکال گزارش گردید. اندازة میکروپلاستیک‌ها بین5000-50 میکرومتر گزارش شد. سه پلیمر پلی‌پروپیلن، پلی‌آمید و پلی‌اتیلن نیز توسط دستگاه رامان شناسایی شد. تخلیة پساب صنعتی و فاضلاب خانگی و دفع زباله توسط گردشگران از مهم‌ترین منابع میکرو‌پلاستیک‌ در منطقه هستند. ابداع روش‌هایی جهت افزایش کارایی حذف میکرو‌پلاستیک‌ها در تصفیه‌خانه‌های فاضلاب و حذف کامل آن در پساب نهایی به‌عنوان یک راهکار مؤثر در کاهش این آلاینده توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Occurrence and characteristic of microplastic in the surface waters of Zayandeh-Rud River

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mokarrameh Behmanesh 1
  • Atefeh Chamani 1
  • Elham Chavoshi 2

1 Department of Environmental science and Engineering, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

2 Department of Soil Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Today, large amounts of water pollutants, including pharmaceutical waste, paints, plastics, pesticides and mineral waste, are discharged by humans into the nature. One of the emerging pollutants that seriously affects water quality is microplastics. The growing global concern about human exposure to microplastics necessitates research on their abundance, fate and effects. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the spatial distribution of microplastics and determining their possible source from the source to the tributary of the Zayandeh Rood River. For this purpose, water sampling was done from 17 stations and the samples were taken to the laboratory. In order to digest organic matter, the samples were digested for 48 hours using 30% hydrogen peroxide and then passed through 45 micrometer filter paper. The microplastics of each filter paper were separated and counted using an optical microscope, and their type of polymer was identified by Raman. The abundance range of microplastic particles was 2-49 particles per liter and fiber and small particles were reported as the most abundant forms. The size of microplastics was reported between 50-5000 micrometers. Three polymers polypropylene, polyamide and polyethylene were also detected by Raman device. Discharge of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage, garbage disposal by tourists are the most important sources of microplastics in the region. Inventing methods to increase the efficiency of removing microplastics in sewage treatment plants and its complete removal in the final effluent is recommended as an effective solution to reduce this pollutant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Isfahan
  • Microplastics
  • Pollution
  • Zayandeh-Rud River
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 76، شماره 4
اسفند 1402
صفحه 631-643