نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

ارزیابی شدت خطر بیابان ‏زایی و اثر آن بر کاهش پوشش گیاهی پناهگاه حیات وحش شیراحمد سبزوار، استان خراسان رضوی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 روه مدیریت مناطق بیابانی، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

2 گروه محیط‌‌ زیست، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

3 گروه محیط‌‌زیست، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2023.360795.2563

چکیده

هدف از انجام این پژوهش، ارزیابی شدت بیابان‌زایی و اثر آن بر کاهش پوشش گیاهی پناهگاه حیات وحش شیراحمد در شهرستان سبزوار استان خراسان رضوی بوده است. ارزیابی شدت بیابان ‏زایی با استفاده از مدل جهانی ESAs و با سه معیار کیفیت اقلیم، پوشش گیاهی و مدیریت انسانی برای یک دورة 10 ساله (1388 تا 1398) انجام شد. تغییرات خشکسالی با استفاده از شاخص بارش استاندارد شده (SPI)، تراکم پوشش گیاهی و پتانسیل تولید علوفه با استفاده از شاخص نرمال شدة تفاوت پوشش گیاهی (NDVI)، محاسبه شدند. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد در پناهگاه حیات وحش شیراحمد و در طول سال‌های 1388 تا 1398 بیابان‏زایی رخ داده و روند افزایشی داشته­ است. به‌طوری‌که در سال 1388، از نظر شدت بیابان‌زایی، 64/9درصد منطقه در طبقة بحرانی شدید و 35/1درصد در طبقة بحرانی متوسط قرار گرفته است. اما در سال 1398 در حدود 68/5درصد اراضی در طبقة بحرانی شدید بیابان‌زایی و 31/5درصد نیز در طبقة بحرانی متوسط قرار گرفته‌اند. علاوه برآن، نتایج نشان داد افزایش روند خشکسالی و تغییر پارامترهای اقلیمی به‌همراه فعالیت‌های انسانی علت اصلی گسترش بیابان‌زایی و کاهش پوشش گیاهی در منطقة شیراحمد سبزوار بوده است. بنابراین، بایستی نسبت به حفظ و پایداری این منطقه اقداماتی جدی صورت بگیرد تا از نابودی گونه‏ های گیاهی و جانوری جلوگیری شود. برخی از اقدامات همچون کاهش فشار چرای دام ­های اهلی از مراتع، جایگزینی شیوه‌های دامداری متمرکز و صنعتی به‌جای سنتی، اجرای برنامه‌های احیاء اراضی و تأمین علوفه برای وحوش از جمله برنامه‌های پیشنهادی برای مدیریت و حفاظت از پناهگاه شیراحمد خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating desertification intensity and its impacts on the vegetation loss in Shir Ahmad wildlife refuge of Sabzevar, Khorasan Razavi province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Asiyeh Ghavami 1
  • Morteza Akbari 1
  • Azadeh Karimi 2
  • Hossein Yazdandad 3

1 Department of Desert Areas Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Mashhad, Iran.

2 Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment,, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

3 Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the intensity of desertification and its impacts on the reduction of vegetation in Shir Ahmad Wildlife refuge in Sabzevar township of Razavi Khorasan Province. To evaluate the intensity of desertification, the ESAs model and the three criteria of climate quality, vegetation and human management were used. The results of this research showed that based on the ESAs model, desertification occurred in the study area during the years 2008 to 2018 and its trend was increasing. Thus, in 2008, 64.9% of Shir Ahmad region is in the severe hazard class and 35.1% of the other lands in the region are in the moderate hazard class. However, in terms of the intensity of desertification and ecological conditions in 2018 about 68.5% of lands are in the severe desertification hazard class and 31.5% are in the moderate hazard class. The results of this research showed that in the last 10 years, the continuation of the drought and changes in climatic parameters along with human activities have been the main causes of the desertification expansion and vegetation reduction in Shir Ahmad Wildlife refuge. Therefore, significant methods should be taken regarding the preservation and sustainability of this area in order to prevent the destruction of plant and animal species. Some of the measures such as reducing the grazing pressure of domestic animals from the pastures, replacing industrial animal husbandry methods instead of the traditional method, implementing land restoration programs and providing fodder for wildlife, will be among the proposed programs for the management and protection of Shir Ahmad Wildlife refuge.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biodiversity loss
  • Climate change
  • Desertification
  • Land degradation
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 76، ویژه نامه مناطق تحت حفاظت
بهمن 1402
صفحه 261-276