نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

ارزیابی تنوع گیاهان علفی تیپ‌های مختلف بلوط و ارتباط آن با ویژگی‌های خاک در جنگل‌های زاگرس شمالی (مطالعة آرمرده بانه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، لرستان، ایران.

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، کردستان، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2023.356996.2540

چکیده

با توجه به اهمیت جنگل ­های زاگرس شمالی از نظر حفاظتی، اقتصادی-اجتماعی و احیایی این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی ترکیب و تنوع گیاهان علفی در تیپ ­های مختلف بلوط واقع در جنگل­ های آرمرده در شهرستان بانه و ارتباط پوشش علفی این جنگل­ ها با شرایط خاک انجام شد. با جنگل­ گردشی تیپ­ های جنگلی شناسایی و محل استقرار آن­ ها مشخص شد. در هر تیپ 5 قطعه نمونة 500 متر مربعی به­ صورت تصادفی جهت برداشت اشکوب درختی و 5 نمونة خاک از هر تیپ تا عمق 10 سانتی ­متری خاک برداشت گردید. همچنین از ریز قطعه ­نمونة یک مترمربعی به صورت تصادفی جهت برداشت گونه­ های علفی استفاده شد. شکل زیستی گونه ­ها با استفاده از روش رانکایر، نواحی رویشی به کمک روش زهری و تنوع زیستی با استفاده از شاخص­ های تنوع گیاهی به ­دست آمدند، سپس ارتباط و رج ­بندی آشکوب علفی کف با متغیرهای خاک از طریق تجزیة تطبیقی قوس ­گیری شده (DCA) و تحلیل تطبیقی متعارفی (CCA) بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد خانواده­ هایAsteraceae ،Fabaceae  و Poaceae به ­ترتیب بیشترین تعداد گونه­ های گیاهی را به ­خود اختصاص داده ­اند. تروفیت­ ها و همی­ کریپتوفیت ­ها به­ ترتیب بیشترین درصد حضور را داشتند و مهم­ترین گروه­ های کرولوژیک منطقة عناصر رویشی ایران-تورانی بودند. همچنین نتایج تجزیه واریانس، همبستگی پیرسون و رج­ بندی پوشش گیاهی نشان داد که تفکیک تیپ ­های رویشی و پراکنش گونه ­ها در زاگرس شمالی به­ طور عمده تحت تأثیر بافت خاک، سدیم، مادة آلی، پتاسیم و فسفر بود. با توجه به یافته­ های این پژوهش می ­توان بیان داشت که با توجه به گسترش ­گاه وسیع جنگل­ های زاگرس، توجه همزمان به تیپ ­های جنگلی و خاک می­ تواند به­ نحو مطلوبی نمایانگر تغییرات پوشش گیاهی اشکوب علفی زاگرس باشند و در مدیریت این جنگل ­ها مورد توجه قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the vegetation diversity of different oak types in relation with soil characteristics in the forests of north Zagros (Case study: Armardeh Baneh)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saman Maleki 1
  • Babak Pilehvar 1
  • Mohammad Ali Mahmoodi 2

1 Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran.

2 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Considering the importance of the forests of North Zagros in terms of conservation, economic-social and regeneration, this research aims to identify the composition and diversity of herbaceous species in different oak types located in Armardeh forests in Baneh city and the relationship between the herbaceous cover with edaphic conditions. Forest types were identified with field inspection. In each type, 5 samples of 500 square meters were randomly collected to collect trees and 5 soil samples were taken from each types to a depth of 10 cm. Also, a small sample of one square meter was randomly used for herbaceous species. The biological form of the species was obtained using the Raunkiaer method, the chorotypes according to were obtained to Zohary method, and the biological diversity was obtained using plant diversity indices, then the relationship and ordination of the vegetation with edaphic variables were investigated with detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The results showed that Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae families have the highest number of plant species respectively. Trophies and hemicryptophytes had the highest percentages, respectively, and the most important chorotypes of the region were the vegetative elements of (Iranian-Turan). The results of variance analysis, Pearson's correlation and vegetation ordination showed that the separation of vegetation types, species distribution in North Zagros was mainly influenced by soil texture, sodium, organic matter, potassium and phosphorus. According to the findings of this research, it can be acknowledged that due to the widespread of Zagros forests, attention to forest types and soil can represent the changes in the vegetation cover and be considered in the management of these forests.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Canonical correspondence analysis
  • Biodiversity
  • Raunkiaer
  • Ordination
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 76، شماره 3
مهر 1402
صفحه 413-428