نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

بررسی پیامدهای محیط‌ زیستی تولید سیمان با استفاده از ارزیابی چرخة حیات

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط‌ زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌ زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه اراک. اراک، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2023.352277.2504

چکیده

صنعت تولید سیمان، علی­رغم اثرات مثبت اقتصادی و اجتماعی، به‌دلیل مصرف منابع اولیة طبیعی، مصرف انرژی و تولید دی­ اکسیدکربن می ­تواند پیامدهای محیط ­زیستی به‌همراه داشته باشد. لازم به ذکر است که تولید مواد، بدون در نظر گرفتن پیامدهای محیطی، با نگرش توسعة پایدار سازگار نیست. اگرچه پیشرفت ­های زیادی در دهه­ های گذشته از طریق توسعة فناوری حاصل شده است، اما بررسی­ های لازم در خصوص مواد و سوخت­ های جایگزین نیز بایستی مدنظر قرار گیرد. صنعت سیمان زابل، از نظر اقتصادی کارآمد محسوب می ­شود. در عین حال، اطلاعاتی در خصوص پیامدهای محیطی آن موجود نیست. ارزیابی چرخة حیات، روشی جامع برای جمع­ آوری و تجزیه و تحلیل ورودی­ های بالقوة محیطی و پیامدهای تولید یک محصول یا کالا است. این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی اثرات محیط­ زیستی تولید سیمان خاکستری در کارخانة سیمان سیستان با استفاده از ارزیابی چرخة حیات انجام شد. تجزیه و تحلیل و ارزیابی پیامدهای محیط­ زیستی این محصول، با استفاده از نرم ­افزار سیماپرو (نسخه­ ۹) و پایگاه دادة اکواینونت (نسخه ۳،۴) براساس استاندارد­های ایزو ۱۴۰۴۰ و ایزو ۱۴۰۴۴ انجام گردید. ۱۸ پیامد میانی با استفاده از شاخص ReCiPe 2016 midpoint H و ۳ دسته پیامد پایانی نیز با استفاده از شاخص ReCiPe 2016 endpoint تعیین گردید. نتایج نشان داد که در بیشتر پیامدهای مورد بررسی، انتشارات مستقیم کارخانه، مصرف سوخت مازوت، پوزولان و برق، بالاترین سهم را دارند­. آنالیز حساسیت نیز حاکی از تأثیرگذاری هر یک از موارد مذکور بر پیامدها بود. بدین‌ترتیب که کاهش ۲۰٪ از میزان پوزولان، مازوت و برق، می­تواند موجب کاهش میزان پیامدها از قبیل تخریب منابع فسیلی، گرمایش جهانی و سمیت انسانی و اکوسیستمی گردد. میزان پیامدهای پایانی pT ۲۷ به‌ویژه برای سلامت انسان با میزان 97/2٪ به‌دست آمد. مهم­ترین عامل مؤثر بر پیامد مذکور، مربوط به تشکیل ذرات معلق کمتر از 2/5 میکرومتر بود. نتایج حاصل از انرژی­خواهی تجمعی نیز نشان داد، سوخت­های فسیلی با 97/89٪ بالاترین میزان مصرف را داشته و سهم سایر منابع ناچیز بود. به‌طور کلی نتیجة تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که استفاده از سوخت­ های پاک، می­ تواند موجب کاهش اثرات مصرف سوخت­ های فسیلی و انتشارات جوی ناشی از فرآیند تولید سیمان شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Survey the environmental impact of cement production using life cycle assessment

نویسندگان [English]

  • Najmeh Sargolzaee 1
  • Fatemeh Einollahipeer 1
  • Ali Kazemi 2
  • Narjes Okati 1

1 Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.

2 Department Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, Arak, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The cement industry despite its positive economic and social effects, is facing important challenges regarding the reduction of raw materials and energy demands, and CO2 emissions. It should be noted the production of materials without considering the elements of the environment, is not consistent with the attitude of sustainable development. Although many advances have been reached in the last decades through technology improvements, the use of alternative materials and fuels still can be further explored. The Zabol cement industry is considered economically efficient. Nevertheless, there are no scientific studies regarding environmental concerns in. The life cycle assessment (LCA) is a comprehensive tool for collecting and analyzing the potential environmental inpute, and consequence of producing a product or commodity. This study aims to assess the environmental impacts of gray cement production in Sistan cement factory using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The analysis and evaluation of environmental impact of cement was done using SimapRo software (version 9) and Ecoinvent database (version 3.4) based on ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 standards. The 18 midpoint and 3 endpoint impact categories have been determined by using ReCiPe midpoint H and ReCiPe endpoint H respectively. Emissions, heavy fuel oil, pozzolan and electricity have the highest contribution to most of the surveyed impact categories. The sensitivity analysis also indicated the influence of the mentioned cases on the results.  Thus, with a 20% reduction in pozzolan, heavy fuel oil and electricity consumption could reduce the destruction of fossil resource scarcity, global warming and human and ecosystem toxicity. The total endpoint score was 27 Pt, mainly associated to the human health damage category. The most important factor affecting the mentioned result was related to the formation of suspended particles less than 2.5 micrometers. The cumulative energy demand assessment indicated fossil fuels had the highest consumption with 97.89% and other sources has the least energy participation. The results illustrated replacement of fossil fuels by alternative fuels can be an option to decrease impacts regarding fossil fuels consumption and atmospheric emissions from the cement production process.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cement industry
  • Fossil fuel
  • Life cycle assessment
  • SimaPro
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 76، شماره 3
مهر 1402
صفحه 511-525