شناسایی و تعیین گسترۀ اثر مخاطرات محیطی بر کاربری‌های موجود در منطقة ساحلی استان سیستان و بلوچستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مهندسین مشاور سازه‌پردازی ایران، کارشناس محیط زیست، تهران، ایران

2 اداره کل مهندسی سواحل و بنادر، سازمان بنادر و دریانوردی، تهران، ایران

3 مهندسین مشاور سازه‌پردازی ایران، کارشناس سنجش از دور و GIS، تهران، ایران

10.22059/jne.2023.353775.2515

چکیده

مناطق ساحلی، فضایی جغرافیایی میان دو اکوسیستم با خصوصیات مستقل از یکدیگر است که به‌عنوان یک فضای برنامه­ ریزی مجزا مورد توجه قرار می­ گیرد. در این فضا، تحلیل مخاطرات طبیعی می‌تواند ابزار مناسبی در تصمیم‌گیری، برنامه‌ریزی و اولویت‌بندی اقدام مدیریت بحران باشد. مهم‌ترین اقدامات و مراحل در تحلیل مخاطرات، تعیین انواع مخاطرات است. در این مطالعه، بررسی مخاطرات طبیعی در منطقة ساحلی استان سیستان و بلوچستان مرتبط با اهداف طرح مدیریت یکپارچه مناطق ساحلی این استان (ICZM) انجام شد. بدین‌منظور، ابتدا مخاطرات موجود در منطقة ساحلی با استفاده از روش دلفی تعیین و پس از شناسایی دامنة تأثیر آن، طبقه ­بندی شد. به‌منظور تحلیل گسترة مخاطرات بر محیط اثرپذیر، کاربری‌ها و فعالیت‌هایی که تحت تأثیر قرار می‌گرفتند، شناسایی و حوضة نفوذ آن برای هر کاربری با تشکیل ماتریس مخاطرات-کاربری تعیین شد. در نهایت با تهیة نقشة هر یک از مخاطرات و کاربری­ های موجود در منطقة ساحلی و روی‌هم­گذاری این لایه ­ها در محیط ArcGIS، تعداد مخاطراتی که هر کاربری را تهدید می­ کنند، مشخص شد. نتایج نشان داد که، بیشترین مخاطرات در بخش غربی ناحیه ساحلی استان و بین خلیج پزم تا خور میدانی قرار دارند. سونامی و فعال بودن تپه ­های ماسه ­ای دو مخاطره ­ای هستند که بر تعداد کاربری بیشتری اثر می ­گذارند. در بین کاربری ­ها نیز کاربری کشاورزی و دیم نسبت به سایر کاربری‌ها از مخاطرات بیشتری متأثر خواهند شد. نتایج این مطالعه با در اختیار گذاشتن گسترة اثر مخاطرات بر کاربری ­های مختلف و استفاده در تعیین آسیب­ پذیری منطقة ساحلی سبب خواهد شد، برنامه مدیریت محیط­ زیستی محدودة مطالعه با دامنة وسیع ­تری از اطلاعات تدوین و اتخاذ اقدامات توسعه ­ای با آگاهی از گسترة مخاطرات موجود، توسعة امن و ایمن ­تری را در منطقه به‌همراه داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Environmental hazards for coastal zone of Sistan and Baluchestan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Yaghoubzadeh 1
  • Monir Haghighat 2
  • Fateme Kordi 3
  • Majid Mashhadi Rafiee 3

1 Environmental Expert, Sazeh Pardazi Iran Consulting Engineers

2 Ports and maritime organization, Costal and Port Engineering Department

3 RS and GIS Expert, Sazeh Pardazi Iran Consulting Engineers

چکیده [English]

Coastal zone is an area between two ecosystems with independent characteristics, which is considered as a separate planning unit. In this area, the analysis of natural hazards is an essential tool in decision-making, planning and prioritization of crisis management actions. The most important action in this analysis is determining the types of hazards. In this study, the investigation of natural hazards in the coastal zone of Sistan and Baluchistan province related to the objectives of the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) plan was carried out. For this purpose, firstly all possible hazards in coastal zone were determined using the Delphi method and classified after identifying the scope of its impact. In order to analyze the influence area of each hazards, all related activities were identified and their influence was determined by forming a hazard-use matrix. Finally, an overall map was prepared by overlaying layers in GIS, and the number of all hazards which threaten activities was determined. The results showed that the largest number of hazards are located in the western part of Sistan & Baluchistan coastal zone between Pozm Bay and Khor-e Maydani. Also, Tsunami and sand dunes are two dangerous hazard, which affect all activities. Among all possible landuse, agricultural and dry farming are more affected activities by natural hazards. The results of this study, by determining of hazard influence areas and by using them in determining the vulnerability of coastal zone, will cause the environmental management plan (EMP) of the study area prepared with a wider range of information and development measures will lead to a safer development in this region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • ICZM
  • Environmental management
  • Hazards facing
  • Safer development
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