تجمع، پراکنش و ارزیابی ریسک اکولوژیک فلزات سنگین در رسوبات، مطالعة موردی: تالاب شادگان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

10.22059/jne.2023.349372.2478

چکیده

ارزیابی غلظت فلزات سنگین و ریسک محیط زیست آن‌ها جهت پایش آلودگی، برای حفظ کیفیت محیط زیست و سلامت بوم‌سازگان‌ها ضرورت دارد. در این مطالعه، پراکنش و ارزیابی ریسک اکولوژیک فلزات سنگین در رسوبات مصب‌های اطراف واحدهای پتروشیمی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. هدف از اجرای این تحقیق، ارزیابی میزان آلودگی و ریسک اکولوژیک فلزات سنگین در رسوبات تالاب شادگان است. برای تعیین نقاط نمونه‌برداری از روش سیستماتیک طبقه‌بندی تصادفی استفاده شد و 36 نمونه از 4 ایستگاه جمع‌آوری و جهت آنالیز به آزمایشگاه منتقل گردید. آماده‌سازی و هضم کامل رسوبات براساس دستورالعمل استاندارد موپام صورت گرفت. برای آنالیز نمونه‌ها از دستگاه ICP-OES مدل 730-ES استفاده شد. شاخص‌های مهم محیط زیست از قبیل شاخص زمین‌انباشتگی (Igeo) و شاخص ریسک اکولوژیک (ERi) محاسبه گردید. براساس نتایج به‌دست آمده میانگین غلظت نیکل، سرب، جیوه و وانادیوم  به‌ترتیب 58/8، 8/5، 6/9 و 88/7 میکرو‌گرم بر گرم وزن خشک بود. نتایج نشان داد که الگوی پراکنش فلزات سنگین در رسوبات به صورت وانادیوم> نیکل>سرب> جیوه بود. بر مبنای شاخص ژئوشیمیایی مولر، نیکل و سرب دارای آلودگی شدید، جیوه دارای آلودگی شدید تا بسیار شدید و وانادیوم دارای آلودگی متوسط است. آنالیز شاخص ریسک اکولوژیک (ERi) نشان داد که وضعیت ریسک برای نیکل، سرب و جیوه قابل توجه و برای وانادیوم متوسط است. می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که تالاب شادگان به‌دلیل ورود پساب‌های صنایع پتروشیمی آلوده به فلزات سنگین است و استفاده از تصفیه‌خانه‌های جدید، تجزیه کردن آلاینده‌ها و استفاده از مواد خام با درصد آلایندگی کمتر در مدیریت پساب‌ها جهت کاهش آلاینده‌ها ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Accumulation, distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments, case study: Shadgan wetland

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Komasi
  • Seyed Masoud Monavari
  • Fariba Zamani Hargalani
  • Shahram Baikpour

Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Evaluating the metals concentration and their environmental risk for pollution monitoring is necessary to maintain the quality and the health of the ecosystem. In this study, the distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the sediments of the estuaries around the petrochemical units were investigated. The purpose of this research is the pollution value and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the sediments in Shadgan wetland. A systematic method of random classification was used to determine the sampling points and 36 sediment samples were collected and transferred to the laboratory for analysis. Preparation and complete digestion of sediments were performed according to standard Mopam instructions. For analyze to of samples, was used ICP-OES model 730-ES device. Important environmental indicators such as the geochemical index (Igeo) and ecological risk index (ERi) were calculated. Based on the results obtained, mean concentrations of Ni, Pb, Hg, and V were 55.8, 8.5, 6.9 and 88.7µg/g, respectively. The research results showed that distribution pattern of heavy metals in the sediments was V>Ni>Pb>Hg. Based on Muller's geochemical index, pollution degree was severe contamination for nickel and lead, severe to very severe contamination for mercury, and moderate contamination for vanadium. The ecological risk index (ERi) analysis showed that the risk situation is considerable for Ni, Pb, and Hg and moderate for V. It can be concluded that the Shadgan wetland is contaminated with heavy metals due to the inflow of effluents from petrochemical industries. The use of modern treatment plants, decomposition of pollutants and the use of raw materials with a lower percentage of pollutants in wastewater management are necessary to reduce pollutants.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Heavy Metals
  • Geochemical Index
  • Ecological Risk
  • Petrochemical wastewater
  • Shadgan Wetland
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