ظرفیت‌سنجی اقلیمی ناحیة ساحلی استان سیستان و بلوچستان برای توسعة مزارع بادی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

10.22059/jne.2023.352699.2509

چکیده

سوخت­ های فسیلی، به‌واسطة محدود بودن منابع، ایجاد آلودگی و گرمایش زمین، سبب شده­­اند، که استفاده از انرژی­ های تجدید‌پذیر به‌خصوص انرژی باد مورد توجه برنامه‌ریزان قرار گیرد. به‌همین دلیل برای تعیین معیارهای مکان‌یابی مزارع بادی ناحیة ساحلی استان سیستان و بلوچستان معیارهای اولیه با بررسی 30 پژوهش مرتبط در بیست سال اخیر شناسایی شد. معیارها و شاخص ­های شناسایی شده به دو گروه اکولوژیک و انسانی تقسیم و فرکانس استفاده از معیارها تعیین شد. براساس نتایج به‌دست آمده، متوسط سرعت باد و فاصله از سکونتگاه ­های انسانی بالاترین فراوانی شاخص­ ها در تجربیات پیشین را به‌خود اختصاص دادند. با این وجود، غربال­سازی معیارها با استفاده از روش دلفی نشان داد، برای مکان­ یابی مزارع­ بادی در ناحیة ساحلی استان سیستان و بلوچستان، میانگین سرعت باد، استمرار باد، فاصله از مناطق لغزشی، فاصله از مناطق عملیات نظامی، فاصله از شبکة نیرو و هزینه­ های توسعه مهمترین شاخص­ های توسعه­ این کاربری هستند. سنجش اهمیت معیارها بر مبنای روش دلفی نشان داد، ضروری‌ترین شاخص­ های مکان­ یابی مزارع بادی در محدودة مورد مطالعه، میانگین سرعت باد، استمرار باد، فاصله از شبکه نیرو و چگالی ­توان باد است. بنابراین در راستای ظرفیت‌سنجی اقلیمی برای توسعة مزارع بادی در ناحیة ساحلی لازم است، از مشارکت و همپوشانی نقشة متوسط سالانة سرعت باد، متوسط سالانة چگالی توان باد و متوسط سالانة درصد استمرار باد استفاده شود. با استفاده از قابلیت سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و توابع درون­ یابی کریجینگ نقشه‌سازی و تجزیه و تحلیل معیارهای اقلیمی انجام شد. در نهایت ناحیة ساحلی به دو پهنه با شرایط مناسب (91 درصد ناحیة ساحلی) و نامناسب (9 درصد ناحیة ساحلی) تقسیم‌بندی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Climatic capacity evaluation of coastal area of Sistan and Baluchistan province for the development of wind farms

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Borhani
  • Afshin Danehkar
  • Mazaher Moeinaddini

Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Fossil fuels, due to limited resources, causing pollution and global warming, have caused the use of renewable energy, especially wind energy, to be considered. For this reason, to determine the criteria for locating wind farms in the coastal area of Sistan and Baluchistan province, from reviewing the sources, studying the plans and research, standards, and reviewing documents from 30 internal sources 20-year ago and external sources was used. Due to a large number of criteria and indicators, summarization was done, they were divided into two ecological and human groups, which include 8 criteria, climate, land, uses and management areas, development infrastructure, capital resources, Itis management, health and consequence, the average wind speed and distance from the residence had the highest frequency of indicators in previous experiences. The Delphi method was used to screen the criteria and the opinions of 11 wind farm experts were used. The results of the content validity evaluation of the questionnaires showed that all the respondents chose the indicators of average wind speed, wind continuity, distance from landslide areas, distance from military operation areas, distance from the power grid, and development costs as the most important spatial indicators. Measuring the importance of the criteria based on the Delphi method is dependent on the calculation of two indicators, the percentage of importance and the degree of importance, which were used to calculate the final importance coefficient of the criteria through these two parameters. Based on Delphi calculations, the most essential site selection wind farm indicators were obtained, respectively, average wind speed, wind continuity, distance from the power grid, and wind power density. In order to evaluate the potential of wind energy for the development of wind farms in the coastal area, climate indicators, annual average wind speed, annual average wind power density, and annual average wind continuity percentage were used. Analysis of climatic criteria was done by using a geographic information system and kriging interpolation functions of mapping. Finally, the coastal area was divided into two zones, 91% suitable for wind power development and 9% unsuitable.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Site selection
  • Evaluation wind energy
  • Delphi method
  • Wind energy
  • Wind power density
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