تعیین غلظت ترکیبات شبه‌استروژنی در مصب رودخانه‌های سواحل ایرانی دریای خزر با استفاده از روش خوشه‌بندی و آنالیز مؤلفه‌های اصلی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه پژوهشی اکوسیستم‌های طبیعی، پژوهشکدة تالاب بین‌المللی هامون، پژوهشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران

3 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

10.22059/jne.2022.347542.2462

چکیده

مواد شیمیایی مختل کنندة غدد درون ­ریز، مانند ترکیبات شبه ­استروژنی بیسفنول A و نونیل­فنول از منابع مختلفی توسط رودخانه ­ها به دریای خزر وارد می­ شوند. این ترکیبات در غلظت­ های کم می ­توانند به‌طور بالقوه برای سلامتی انسان و موجودات آبزی خطرناک باشند. در عین حال، اطلاعات مربوط به غلظت آن‌ها در مصب­ رودخانه ­های دریای خزر، محدود است. بنابراین در مطالعة حاضر، غلظت آلاینده­ های BPA و NP و برخی از فاکتورهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی آب در مصب 49 رودخانة ورودی دریای خزر از استان­ های گیلان، مازندران و گلستان در ماه­ های مرداد تا شهریور ۱۳۹۴ بررسی شد. غلظت ترکیبات در بین مصب­ های مختلف مقایسه گردید و اولویت‌بندی ترکیبات شبه ­استروژنی و فاکتورهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی آب با استفاده از آنالیز مؤلفه ­های اصلی (PCA) و دسته ­بندی فاکتورها و مصب­­ ها نیز با آنالیز خوشه ­ای (CA) انجام شد. بر اساس نتایج، غلظت ترکیبات BPA و NP به‌طور متوسط µg/l 1/81 و µg/l 2/85 اندازه­ گیری شد که بالاتر از حد مجاز بود و بیشترین غلظت این ترکیبات در رودخانه‌های تالش، آستارا، انزلی، ازارود، نشتارود، طلارود و تجن اندازه ­گیری گردید. نتایج PCA، 2 مؤلفه اصلی را مؤثر بر کیفیت آب رودخانه ­ها با مقدار واریانس 81/41٪ و با مقدار ویژه 1> نشان داد، که در درجة اول پارامترهای EC، TDS، TSS و TS از مهم‌ترین فاکتورها و سپس میزان نیترات و فسفات در درجة بعدی اهمیت قرار گرفتند. همچنین بر اساس نتایج CA، 4 دسته مصب و پارامترهای کیفی جدا گردید. به‌طورکلی نتایج نشان داد که رودخانه­ های سواحل ایرانی دریای خزر،‌ دارای غلظت بالایی از ترکیبات شبه‌استروژنی بوده که می ­تواند حاصل آبشویی زمین­ های کشاورزی و پساب صنایع و مناطق مسکونی باشد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Survey the concentration of some estrogenic contaminants in estuaries of Iranian coasts of the Caspian Sea using the cluster and principle component analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sahel Pakzad Toochaei 1
  • Ali Kazemi 2
  • Fatemeh Einollahipeer 3

1 Department of Natural Ecosystems, Hamoun International Wetland Research Institute, Research Institute of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

2 Department Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, Arak, Iran

3 Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

چکیده [English]

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as Bisphenol A (BPA) and Nonylphenol (NP) can enter the Caspian Sea by rivers from a variety of sources and they potentially pose a health risk to humans and aquatic organisms. Moreover, knowledge of their concentration is limited in the Caspian estuaries. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the concentration of BPA, NP and the physicochemical factors of Iranian rivers of the Caspian Sea. Water samples were collected from 49 estuaries along the coasts of Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces in August and September 2015. Obtained results were compared among estuaries and assessed with principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) for clusters of NP and BPA concentration and physicochemical factors and rivers. The concentration of BPA and NP with the amount of 1.81 µg/l and 2.85 µg/l respectively was higher than standards and Talesh, Astara, Anzali, Azarood, Nashtarood, Talarood and Tajan have higher concentration of NP and BPA. The PCA revealed two components with eigenvalues >1, depicting 81.41% of the total variation of the data and also showed, EC, TDS, TSS, TS, phosphate and nitrate play important role in estuaries water quality in two major components. Outcome of CA classified similar estuaries and physicochemical parameters into 4 clusters. In conclusion, it was determined that pseudo estrogenic pollutant levels in water of the Iranian coasts of the Caspian sea have higher than those standard due to the effect of run-off from agricultural lands and industrial and municipal wastewater.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Caspian Sea
  • Bisphenol A
  • Nonyl phenol
  • Physicochemical factors
  • Standard of quality
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