ارزیابی شاخص‌های ریسک سلامت اکولوژیک و انسانی فلزات (کادمیوم و سرب) در گرد و غبار ریزشی ساختمان‌های دانشگاه علوم و تحقیقات

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم وتحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2022.348809.2472

چکیده

افزایش جمعیت و توسعة زیرساخت‌های شهری و صنعتی موجب افزایش آلاینده‌های جوی و مشکلات محیط زیستی متعددی شده است. هدف از مطالعة حاضر منشاء‌یابی و سنجش شاخص ریسک سلامت فلزات سنگین (کادمیم و سرب)  در گرد و غبار ریزشی ساختمان‌های واحد علوم و تحقیقات بود. بدین‌منظور نمونه‌برداری ذرات رسوب کرده جوی (گرد و غبار) از فضاهای داخلی ساختمان‌ها در 20 نقطه به روش غیر فعال (Passive) انجام شد. غلظت‌های به‌دست آمدة فلزات مورد مطالعه برای محاسبة انواع شاخص‌های ریسک سلامت، شاخص غنی‌شدگی، شاخص زمین‌انباشت، شاخص ریسک اکولوژیک، شاخص ریسک سرطان‌زایی و شاخص خطر (Hazard Index) استفاده شدند. میانگین غلظت فلزات مورد مطالعه در ایستگاه‌های مختلف برای فلزات کادمیوم و سرب به‌ترتیب 0/85±5/4081 و 71/9418±170/9257میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم ارزیابی شد. بین غلظت میانگین فلزات از نظر آماری دارای اختلاف بود به‌نحوی که این اختلاف محسوس با فلز سرب (0/05<P) و فلز کادمیوم (0/05>P) مشاهده گردید. فاکتور غنی‌شدگی تفاوت معنی‌داری را بین سرب (0/05<P) با کادمیوم (0/05>P) نشان دادند. شاخص زمین انباشت بین کادمیوم (0/05<P) و سرب (0/05>P) دارای اختلاف بود. شاخص ریسک اکولوژیک در همة ایستگاه‌ها به‌جز ایستگاه‌های 8 و 18 پایین ارزیابی شد. جذب مزمن روزانه از مسیر گوارشی برای فلز سرب در بالاترین حد محاسبه گردید. شاخص غیر سرطان‌زایی از مسیر گوارش برای فلز سرب بالا ارزیابی شد. مسیر تنفس نیز ریسک خیلی کم را نشان داد. به‌طور کلی نتایج نشان داد منطقة مورد مطالعه دارای آلودگی‌های فلزات سنگین می‌باشد که برای گروه‌های حساس جامعه دارای ظرفیت ریسک سرطان‌زایی و غیرسرطان‌زایی می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Origin and assessment of health risk index of heavy metals (Cadmium and Lead) in the dust of buildings of the Science and Research Unit

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parastou Asgari
  • Lobat Taghavi
  • Ali Mashinchian Moradi

Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The increase in population and the development of urban and industrial infrastructure have caused an increase in atmospheric pollutants and numerous environmental problems. The aim of this study was to find the origin and measure the health risk index of heavy metals (Cadmium and Lead) in the dust falling from the buildings of science and research unit. For this purpose, the sampling of atmospheric particles (dust) from the interior spaces of the buildings was done in 20 points by passive method. The obtained concentrations of the studied metals were used to calculate various health risk indices, enrichment index, land accumulation index, ecological risk index, carcinogenic risk index and HI risk index. The average concentration of studied metals in different stations for cadmium and lead metals was evaluated as 5.4081±0.85 and 170.9257±71.9418 mg/kg, respectively. There was a statistical difference between the average concentration of metals in such a way that this noticeable difference was observed with lead metal (P<0.05) and cadmium metal (P<0.05). The enrichment factor showed a significant difference between lead (P<0.05) and cadmium (P<0.05). There was a difference between cadmium (P<0.05) and lead (P< 0.05) accumulation index. Ecological risk index was evaluated low in all stations except stations 8 and 18. Daily chronic absorption from the gastrointestinal tract for lead metal was calculated at the highest level. The non-carcinogenicity index of the gastrointestinal tract for lead metal was evaluated as high. The respiratory tract also showed a very low risk. In general, the results showed that the studied area has heavy metal pollution, which has the capacity of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk for sensitive groups of the society.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Risk non-carcinogenic risk index
  • Non-carcinogenic risk
  • Heavy metal
  • Educational location
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