بررسی پتانسیل سمیت فلزات سنگین بر روی شاخص‌های خونی و بیوشیمیایی سیاه‌ماهی قنات (Capoeta fusca)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2022.349964.2483

چکیده

توسعه و گسترش مراکز صنعتی و کشاورزی باعث افزایش فاضلاب‌های صنعتی و کشاورزی و ورود آن‌ها به­ محیط زیست شده است که این امر آسیب‌های گسترده‌ای را به‌دنبال خواهد داشت. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی اثرات سمیت فلزات ­سنگین مختلف بر روی شاخص‌های خونی، پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی و آنزیم‌های کبدی سیاه‌ماهی قنات (Capoeta fusca) می‌باشد. سمیت حاد فلزات ­سنگین مورد مطالعه براساس روش OECD برآورد شد. سیاه‌­ماهی مورد مطالعه در 5 گروه 20 قطعه‌ای (یک گروه شاهد) در معرض غلظت زیرکشندگی فلزات­سنگین مختلف قرار گرفتند و پس از پایان 28 روز جمع‌آوری سرم خون ماهیان انجام شد و پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی و آنزیم ­های کبدی آن توسط دستگاه اتوآنالایزر اندازه­ گیری شد. غلظت متوسط کشندة کادمیوم، کروم، کبالت و مس در 96 ساعت برای گونة مورد مطالعه، به‌ترتیب 37/14، 292/49، 106/95 و 10/73میلی‌گرم بر لیتر محاسبه شد. تعداد گلبول‌های قرمز (میلیون بر میلی‌متر مکعب) در خون ماهیان در معرض کادمیوم، کروم، کبالت و مس به‌ترتیب برابر 0/17±3/4، 0/22±4/5 ، 0/14±2/9 و 0/18±3/6 برآورد شد. تعداد گلبول­ های قرمز خون ماهیان در معرض کادمیوم، کبالت و مس به‌طور معنی‌داری (0/05 >P) کمتر از گروه شاهد (0/24±4/8) بود. عمده‌ترین آسیب‌ها به گلبول‌های قرمز در معرض کادمیوم، کروم، کبالت و مس شامل واکوئله شدن و تغییر شکل گلبول های قرمز بود. سطح گلوکز و کلسترول ماهیان در معرض فلزات کادمیوم، کروم، کبالت و مس به‌طور معنی‌داری (0/05>P) بیشتر از گروه شاهد بود و سطح تری‌گلیسیرید، پروتئین و آلبومین نسبت به گروه شاهد کاهش نشان داد. سطح آنزیم‌های کبدی آلکالین فسفاتاز (ALP)، آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز (AST) و آلانین آمینوترانسفراز (ALT) در ماهیان در معرض کادمیوم، کروم، کبالت و مس به‌طور معنی ­داری (0/05>P) پس از 28 روز بیشتر از گروه شاهد برآورد شد. به‌عنوان یک نتیجه‌گیری کلی می‌توان بیان داشت که قرار گرفتن سیاه ­ماهی مورد مطالعه در معرض فلزات ­سنگین مختلف باعث تغییر در سطح پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی و آنزیم­ های کبدی می ­شود علاوه­ بر­این، پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی و آنزیم ­های کبدی می­تواند به­عنوان نشانگر­های زیستی مناسب برای سلامت ماهیان در راستای نظارت بر کیفیت محیط­ های آبی استفاده شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the toxicity potential of heavy metals on blood and biochemical indices of desert scraper (Capoeta fusca )

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Hossein Sayadi
  • Javad Kharkan

Department of of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The development and expansion of industrial and agricultural centers has caused an increase in industrial and agricultural wastewaters and their entry into the environment, which will cause widespread damage. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of heavy metal toxicity on blood parameters, biochemical parameters and liver enzymes of desert scraper (Capoeta fusca). The acute toxicity of studied heavy metals was estimated according to the OECD method. Samples in 5 groups of 20 pieces (one control group) were exposed to the sublethal concentration of different heavy metals and after the end of 28 days, the blood serum of the fishes was collected and its biochemical parameters and liver enzymes were measured by autoanalyzer. The average lethal concentration of cadmium, chromium, cobalt and copper in 96 hours for the studied species is 37.14, 292.49, 106.95 and 10.73 mg/L, respectively. The number of erythrocytes (× 106 mm3) in the blood of fishes exposed to cadmium, chromium, cobalt and copper was 3.4 ± 0.17, 4.5 ± 0.22, 2.9 ± 0.14, and 3.6 ± 0.18, respectively. The number of erythrocytes of fish exposed to cadmium, cobalt and copper is significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the control group (4.8 ± 0.24). The main damages to erythrocytes exposed to cadmium, chromium, cobalt and copper include vacuolation and deformation of erythrocytes. Glucose and cholesterol levels of fish exposed to cadmium, chromium, cobalt and copper metals are significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control group, and triglyceride, protein and albumin levels are decreased compared to the control group. The level of liver enzymes alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in fish exposed to cadmium, chromium, cobalt and copper was significantly (P< 0.05) higher than the control group after 28 days. Therefore, the exposure of the studied species to different heavy metals causes changes in the level of biochemical parameters and liver enzymes In addition, biochemical parameters and liver enzymes can be used as appropriate biomarkers for fish health and for monitoring the quality of aquatic environments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Liver enzyme
  • Aspartate aminotransferase
  • Blood serum
  • Cell vacuolation
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