نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

ارزیابی چرخة حیات زیرسامانه‌های بارگیری گاز، مایع، کانتینر، فله و تانکر در بندر پتروشیمی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران

3 گروه مهندسی چرخة حیات SDU، دانشگاه دانمارک جنوبی، دانمارک

10.22059/jne.2022.351298.2491

چکیده

بنادر در انتقال بیش از 80% کالا­ها و مواد نقش دارند. ارزیابی چرخة حیات امکان ارزیابی همزمان پیامدهای محیط‌زیستی را فراهم می‌کند که تاکنون برای بنادر غیرکانتینری انجام نشده است. هدف این مطالعه، ارزیابی چرخة حیات عملیات بارگیری مایع، گاز، کانتینر، فله و تانکر و تعیین موثرترین زیرسامانه‌ها در پیامدهای عملیات بندری است. ارزیابی برای دو محدودة مبدأ تولید تا بندر (محدودة 1) و ورودی بندر تا بارگیری به کشتی (محدودة 2) انجام شده است. واحد عملکردی ، یک میلیون تن بارگیری برای هر زیرسامانه­ بارگیری و سپس در ازای یک میلیون تن بارگیری از کلیة زیرسامانه ­ها درنظر گرفته شده. نتایج نشان داد پیامد­های محیط­زیستی محدودة1 نسبت به محدودة2 بسیار پایین­ تر می­ باشد و بهتر است جهت کاهش پیامد­ها روی عملیات داخل بندر تمرکز گردد. در پیامد گرمایش‌جهانی به‌ازای واحد عملکردی یک‌میلیون تن بارگیری کلی، زیرسامانة گاز بیشترین سهم (در حدود 35%) را دارد که 50% آن ناشی از الکتریسیته و 45% ناشی از فلرینگ است. زیرسامانه فله در حدود 30% سهم دارد که کاملاً ناشی از الکتریسیته است. زیرسامانه مایع در حدود 20% در این پیامد نقش دارد که 95% از آن ناشی از الکتریسیته است. الکتریسیته همچنین بیشترین نقش را در کلیه پیامدهای هر زیرسامانه دارد. به ازای یک‌میلیون تن بارگیری کلی، زیرسامانه‌های فله، مایع و گاز به‌ترتیب بیشترین نقش را در پیامدهای محیط­زیستی دارند. با توجه به نتایج حاصل، پیشنهاد م ی­شود سناریوهای بهبود عملیات بندری با محوریت مصرف الکتریسیته و با در نظر گرفتن منابع تجدید­پذیر تأمین انرژی و حذف فلرینگ با توجه به نقش عمده آن در انتشار کربن تدوین گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Lifecycle assessment of gas, liquid, container, bulk, and tanker loading in petrochemical Port

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samaneh Fayyaz 1
  • Mazaher Moeinaddini 1
  • Sharareh Pourebahim 1
  • Ali Kazemi 2
  • Benyamin Khoshnevisan 3

1 Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, Arak, Iran

3 Department of Life Cycle Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark

چکیده [English]

Ports are involved in transferring more than 80% of materials and goods. With life cycle assessment, all environmental impacts are assessed simultaneously and this method has not been implemented for non-container ports. The goal of the study is life cycle assessment of liquid, gas, container, bulk, and tanker loading in the port to define the most impactful sub-processes in the port operations. Life cycle assessment is done from the source of production to the port (scope 1) and from the gate of the port to loading to ships (scope 2). One MMt of loading material is considered as functional unit. The results of the study showed that the impacts of scope 1 are far lower than scope 2 and it is worth focusing on scope 2 for any environmental improvements. In the global warming impact, gas loading has the highest share of 35%, of which 50% is due to electricity, and 45% is due to flaring. Bulk loading with a share of 30% entirely due to electricity is the second. Liquid loading with a share of 20% has the third rank as a result of electricity by 95%. It can be seen that in all sub-processes, electricity has a major role in all impact categories. In port operation LCA, per each MMt of total loading, bulk, liquid, and gas loading have the highest share over 18 impact categories to different extents. It is suggested to develop improving scenarios focused on electricity consumption, considering renewable energy sources, and no flaring for the port.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Life cycle assessment
  • impact category
  • port emission inventory
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 75، ویژه نامه محیط زیست ساحلی و دریایی
اسفند 1401
صفحه 1-14