نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

مطالعة تغییرات سالیانه ترجیح مطلوبیت زیستگاه ماهی بوتک دهان بزرگ Cyprinion macrostomum Heckel, 1843 در رودخانة زاب در چهار فصل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2022.351529.2492

چکیده

در برنامه‌های حفاظت از اکوسیستم‌های آبی، آگاهی از نیازهای زیستگاهی آبزیان نقش مهمی دارد. این مطالعه به‌منظور بررسی ترجیح ویژگی‌های بزرگ مقیاس زیستگاهی و شاخص‌ مطلوبیت زیستگاه گونه بوتک ‌دهان‌بزرگ، Cyprinion macrostomum در رودخانه زاب کوچک از حوضه تیگریس به‌اجرا درآمد. متغیرهای محیطی شامل pH، دما، EC، TDS، سرعت جریان، ارتفاع از سطح دریا، عرض رودخانه، عمق آب، شیب و نوع بستر و فراوانی نسبی ماهیان بوتک دهان بزرگ در 6 ایستگاه (هر کدام با 3 تکرار از پایین‌دست به بالادست رودخانه) در طی چهار فصل، از پاییز 1400 تا تابستان 1401 مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که مطلوبیت زیستگاه ماهی بوتک ‌‌دهان‌بزرگ در طی چهار فصل متفاوت بوده و این گونه نواحی با pH در محدودة 10-9، دمای بالا، ارتفاع پایین، شیب بستر کم، سرعت جریان متوسط آب و بسترهای قلوه‌سنگی و تخته‌سنگی بدون پوشش گیاهی را ترجیح می‌دهد که در طی چهار فصل سال این مقادیر ترجیحی تقریباً مشابه هستند. ترجیح فاکتورهای EC، TDS، عرض رودخانه و عمق آب در فصل‌های مختلف توسط این گونه متفاوت بودند و محدوده‌های مختلفی از این فاکتورها را در طی فصل‌ها ترجیح می‌دهد. در فصل بهار و تابستان عرض رودخانه و عمق پایین‌تر و در فصل زمستان عرض و عمق بیشتر آب را ترجیح داد. دو فاکتور EC و  TDSدر فصل‌های بهار و تابستان محدودة پایین‌تر و در فصل پاییز و زمستان دامنه نسبتاً بالاتر با توجه به تغییرات فصلی مورد ترجیح بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study and comparison of the habitat suitability indices of Cyprinion macrostomum Heckel, 1843 from Zab River in four seasons

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zaniar Ghafouri
  • Soheil Eagderi
  • Hadi Poorbagher

Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Knowledge of habitat requirements of aquatic animals plays an important role in fisheries and protection programs of aquatic ecosystems. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the suitability indices of habitat use and habitat suitability index (HSI) of Cyprinion macrostomum in its distribution range, Zab River. A number of environmental variables, including pH, temperature, EC, TDS, elevation, water depth, river width, river slope, velocity, substrate type, and the relative abundance of C. macrostomum at 6 stations and three replications from the downstream to upstream were examined during from the fall of 2021 to the summer of 2022. The results showed that habitat suitability of C. macrostomum is different during four seasons and this species prefers areas with pH in the range 9-10, high temperature, low altitude, low bed slope, medium velocity, and gravel and slate beds without vegetation, and these environmental factors expressed during the four seasons of the year are almost similar. But EC, TDS, river width and water depth factors are distinct in different seasons and it prefers different ranges of these factors during the seasons. In spring and summer preferred the lower width and depth of the river, and in winter and autumn seasons preferred the width greater and depth higher of the water.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Tigris basin
  • Zab River
  • Habitat selection
  • Suitability index
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 76، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1402
صفحه 105-115