نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

اثرات تغییرات پوشش زمین و پارامترهای آبی-اقلیمی بر وسعت و ماهیت تالاب‌های بین‌المللی آلاگل، آجی‌گل و آلماگل در سه دهة گذشته

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط ‌زیست، دانشکده شیلات و محیط‌ زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

2 گروه آبخیزداری، دانشکده مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2022.349828.2481

چکیده

تالاب‌های بین‌المللی آلاگل، آجی‌گل و آلماگل از جمله تالاب‌های داخلی در حوضة آبخیز اترک هستند و اصلی‌ترین منبع تأمین‌کنندة آب آن‌ها سرریز رودخانة اترک است. نوسانات آب‌شناختی این رودخانه در سال‌های گذشته همواره باعث بروز سیل یا خشکسالی در این منطقه شده و موجودیت این تالاب‌ها را نیز تحت تأثیر قرار داده است. برای مدیریت بهینة تالاب‌ها لازم است نوسانات آب‌دهی رودخانه اترک و تغییرات تالاب‌ها از دو جنبة تأثیرات انسانی و تغییر اقلیم بررسی گردد. بدین‌منظور، متغیرهای آب‌شناختی، اقلیمی، تغییرات پوشش/کاربری زمین طی سال‌های 2020-1986 مورد ارزیابی آماری قرار گرفت. پس از جمع‌آوری داده‌های موجود برای دورة 34 سالة تغییرات، الگوهای بلندمدت متغیرهای اقلیمی مانند دما، بارش و تبخیر، دبی رودخانة اترک و مساحت پهنة آبی تالاب‌ها مقایسه شد. نقشة‌ تغییرات مساحت پهنة آبی تالاب‌ها تهیه و یک تحلیل روند و همبستگی با استفاده از داده‌های ماهانه و سالانه انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد روند پیش‌روی تالاب‌های مذکور به سمت فصلی شدن بستر دائمی آن‌هاست. از طرفی، تغییرات دما و بارش و تبخیر نمی‌تواند کاهش شدیدی در دبی رودخانة اترک و در نتیجه مساحت تالاب‌ها ایجاد کند. این درحالی است که افزایش مساحت مراتع، علفزارها و کشاورزی متراکم در کل آبخیز به‌طور مشهود با تغییرات مساحت تالاب‌ها رابطة عکس دارد که می‌تواند نشان‌دهندة افزایش برداشت آب از رودخانه و گسترش فعالیت‌های انسانی باشد. به‌عبارت دیگر، تغییرات آب و هوایی نقش کمتری در روند کاهشی پهنة آبی این تالاب‌ها دارد. نتایج این پژوهش می‌تواند به درک و شناسایی میزان شدت عوامل تأثیرگذار بر تغییر حجم و مساحت این تالاب‌های بین‌المللی و شرایط کنونی آن‌ها و تعیین حقابه و مدیریت بهتر آن‌ها در آینده کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of changes in land cover and hydro-climatic parameters on the extent and nature of Alagol, Ajigol and Ulmagol international importance wetlands in the last three decades

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sima Sefidian 1
  • Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiny 1
  • Vahed Berdi Sheikh 2

1 Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

2 Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Alagol, Ajigol, and Ulmagol international importance wetlands are among the inland wetlands in the Atrak watershed, and are mainly fed by the overflow of the Atrak River. The hydrological fluctuations of this river have repeatedly caused floods or droughts in this area and have also affected the existence of these wetlands in recent years. In order to manage the wetlands optimally, it is necessary to study the fluctuations of the Atrak River and the changes in the wetlands. This is due to both human influence and climate change. We analyzed hydrological variables, climate variables, and land cover and land use changes between 1986 and 2020 in this study. Using the available data for the 34-year period of change, long-term patterns of climatic variables were compared, including temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and Atrak River discharge. An analysis of the trends and correlations between the monthly and annual changes in the water area of the wetlands was conducted using a map illustrating the changes. According to the results of the study, The wetlands are seasonalizing their permanent beds. However, variations in temperatures, precipitation, and evaporation cannot result in sharp drops in ،the Atrak River discharge and, subsequently, in wetland area. As a result, pastures, meadows, and intensive agriculture areas have an inverse relationship with changes in wetland area. This could be a sign of increasing human activity and withdrawal of river water. In other words, climate change plays a minor role in the process of decreasing the water surface of these wetlands. The results of this study can help us to understand and identify the severity of the factors affecting the volume and surface change of these international wetlands. In addition, it can help determine their status and better manage them in the future.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wetland
  • Land-use change
  • Climate change
  • Water resources management
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 76، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 2
تیر 1402
صفحه 245-258