ارزیابی مخاطرات محیط‌ زیستی تالاب‌ بین‌المللی گمیشان با استفاده از چارچوب مفهومی DPSIR و TOPSIS

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه محیط زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

10.22059/jne.2022.345893.2455

چکیده

تالاب‌ها تأثیری زیادی در میکرواقلیم و حفظ تعادل هیدرولوژیک و زیستی هر منطقه دارند. بنابراین این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی مخاطرات محیط زیستی تالاب‌ بین‌المللی گمیشان براساس روش تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیارة TOPSIS انجام شد. در این پژوهش، تمرکز بر شرایط محیط ‌زیستی تالاب گمیشان است و کلیة عوامل تنش‌زا که باعث برهم خوردن تعادل بوم‌شناختی تالاب می‌شود، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مرحلة اول پژوهش شامل تشریح، تجزیه و تحلیل سیستمی و شناخت ریسک‌های منطقه براساس روش DPSIR، مرحلة دوم انتخاب سه شاخص (شدت اثر، احتمال وقوع و حساسیت محیط پذیرنده) و نمره‌دهی به ریسک‌ها و مرحلة آخر رتبه‌بندی ریسک‌ها براساس روش TOPSIS است. براساس نتایج روش DPSIR، 15 ریسک برای تالاب شناسایی گردید. نتایج حاصل از رتبه‌بندی ریسک‌های تهدیدکننده با استفاده از روش TOPSIS حاکی از آن است که انتقال پساب کشاورزی به رودخانه‌های اترک و گرگان‌رود به تالاب، انتقال پساب استخرهای پرورش ماهی و میگو، ورود پساب تصفیه‌خانه شهر گمیشان و روستاهای اطراف و وقوع دوره‌های خشکسالی با توجه به میزان Cli به‌ترتیب در اولویت‌های اول تا چهارم قرار دارند. همچنین، براساس سطح‌بندی مخاطرات، در تالاب گمیشان 20% مخاطرات در ردة غیرقابل تحمل، 6/6% درصد مخاطرات در ردة قابل توجه، 13/4% مخاطرات در ردة متوسط، %40 مخاطرات در ردة قابل تحمل و 20% مخاطرات در ردة جزئی قرار گرفتند. براساس نتایج پژوهش، پیشنهاد می‌گردد مدیران یک مدیریت واحد در این تالاب انجام دهند تا علاوه بر تأمین نیاز آبی تالاب‌ها جهت حفظ پایداری خود نیازهای جوامع محلّی منطقه را بدون کمترین اثر منفی بر شرایط فیزیکی، شیمیایی و هیدرولوژیکی تالاب برآورده نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Environmental hazard assessment of Gomishan International wetland using conceptual framework DPSIR and TOPSIS

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soolmaz Dashti
  • Fatemeh Karimipoor

Department of Environment, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Wetland have a great impact on the micro climate and maintain the hydrological and biological balance of each region. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the environmental hazards of the Gomishan wetland based on the TOPSIS multi-criteria decision making method. In this study, the focus is on the environmental conditions of Gomishan wetland and all the stressor and factors that cause their ecological balance of the wetland are or investigated. In the first stage, description, system analysis and identification of regional risks based on DPSTR method, in the second stage, selection of three indicators (service of affect, probability of occurrence and sensitivity of the accepting environment) and scoring of risks and in the last step is to rank these based on the TOPSIS method. Results of DPSIR method, 15 risk factors where identified for Gomishan wetland. The result of ranking the risks threatening international wetlands using TOPSIS method. Indicated that the transfer of agricultural effluent to Atrak and Gorgan rood rivers and the transfer, transfer of fish and shrimp ponds effluent, effluent of Gomishan treatment plant and surrounding village and occurrence of droughts according to the amount of Claire in the first to fourth priorities, respectively. Also, based on hazard leveling, in Gomishan wetland 20% of hazards are in the unbearable category 6.6% of his hazards are in the significant category 13.4% of the hazards are in the significant category, 40% of the hazards are in the tolerable category and 20% are hazards in the category were partially located. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that the managers of a single. Management in this wetland to meet the needs of local communities without the legal negative effect on physical, chemical and hydrological conditionals of the wetland in addition to meeting the water needs of the wetland.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental hazard
  • Gomishan wetland
  • impact intensity
  • TOPSIS
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