بررسی توان گیاه پالایی گونه‌های مرتعی Dactylis glomerata، Festuca ovina و Medicago sativa به عناصرسرب و کادمیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

چکیده

عناصر با پتانسیل سمیت، شامل دو دسته عناصر ضروری و غیر ضروری هستند که در بوم‌ سم­ شناسی قابل توجه هستند. این عناصر پایداری بالایی دارند و توانایی ایجاد سمیت در موجودات زنده را دارند. گیاه ­پالایی به‌عنوان یکی از مناسب ­ترین و کارآمدترین روش برای جذب این عناصر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. هدف از مطالعه، بررسی میزان توانایی گونه ­های مختلف علوفه ­ای نسبت به جذب عناصر سرب و کادمیم و آگاهی از میزان سازگاری و مقاومت هر یک در مقابل آلودگی ­ها، مقایسه ­ای بین گونه­ ها با شرایط زیستی متفاوت می­ باشد. این مطالعه در محیط گلخانه طی 3 ماه انجام شد و گونه­ های Dactylis glomerata، Festuca ovina و Medicago sativa در نظر گرفته شدند. برای عصاره­ گیری و اندازه­ گیری عناصر با پتانسیل سمیت (سرب و کادمیم) از روش عصاره ­گیری خاکستر خشک و دستگاه جذب اتمی  استفاده شد. به­‌منظور مقایسة آماری داده‎ها از آزمون تجزیه واریانس چندطرفه در قالب مدل عمومی خطی استفاده و برای مقایسة چندگانه میانگین، از آزمون دانکن استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد که گونه D. glomerata با افزایش غلظت سرب (200 تا 800 میلی­ گرم بر کیلوگرم) و کادمیم (50 تا 200 میلی­ گرم بر کیلوگرم) به‌ترتیب حدود 84 و 86 درصد غلظت آن­ ها در اندام هوایی و ریشه افزایش یافته است. میزان جذب ریشة گونة M. sativa با افزایش غلظت سرب بیشتر شد در نتیجه M. sativa دارای قابلیت جذب دو فلز کادمیم و سرب می باشد. در گونة F. ovina  با افزایش غلظت سرب میزان جذب توسط ریشه و اندام هوایی به‌ترتیب 70 و 58 درصد و برای کادمیم به‌ترتیب 79 و 73 درصد برآورد شد. به‌طور کلی، در گونه ­های مورد مطالعه کارآیی گیاه پالایی نسبت به سرب در اندام هوایی بیشتر از ریشه بود ولی در مورد کادمیم ریشة دو گونة D. glomerata و F. ovina کارایی گیاه‌پالایی بیشتری نسبت به اندام هوایی داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of phytoremediation potential of lead and cadmium in rangeland plant species, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca ovina and Medicago sativa

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Reza Tatian
  • Reza Tamartash
  • Hossein Agajantabar Ali
  • Ailin Faraji

Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) contain two classes of essential and non-essential elements that are significant in toxicological ecology. These elements have high stability and have the ability to cause toxicity in living organisms. Phytoremediation has been considered as one of the most appropriate and efficient methods to uptake these elements. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of different forage species to absorb PTEs and to be aware of the compatibility and resistance of each to contamination, a comparison between species with different biological conditions. This study was performed in a greenhouse environment and Dactylis glomerata, Festuca ovina and Medicago sativa species were considered. To measure PTEs (lead and cadmium), dry ash extraction method was used. Also, to determine the phytoremediation potential of plant indices TF, BCF and BAC were used. To compare the data statistically, multivariate analysis of variance test in the form of general linear model was used and for multiple comparison of means, Duncan test was used. The results showed that D. glomerata with increasing concentrations of lead (200 to 800 mg/kg) and cadmium (50 to 200 mg/kg) increased their concentration in shoots and roots by about 84% and 86%, respectively in the shoot and root. The root uptake of M. sativa increased with increasing lead concentration, and as a result, M. sativa is an extractive plant for both cadmium and lead. In Festuca ovina species, with increasing lead concentration, the rate of uptake by roots and shoots was 70% and 58%, respectively, and for cadmium was 79% and 73%, respectively. In general, in the studied species, the efficiency of phytoremediation of lead was higher in the aerial parts to the root, but cadmium of the roots of D. glomerata and F. ovina, had more phytoremediation efficiency than the aerial parts.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Lead
  • Biological stimulation coefficient
  • Transfer factor
  • Heavy metals
  • Cadmium
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