تعارض انسان و خرس قهوه‌ای در جنوبی‌ترین حد پراکنش آن در ایران (منطقة شکار ممنوع روشن‌کوه، استان فارس)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

چکیده

در ایران، خرس قهوه‌ای در مقایسه با دیگر گوشتخواران در طیف گسترده‌تری از تعارض با مردم است. درک محرک‌های شکل‌دهندة تعارض، یک اولویت بالای حفاظتی محسوب می‌شود که به پیشگیری و کاهش آسیب‌ها کمک می‌کند. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی فاکتورهای مؤثر بر حملات خرس قهوه‌ای و همچنین راهکارهای­ مورد استفاده توسط مردم محلی جهت کاهش خسارات وارده از سوی این گونه در منطقة شکار ممنوع روشن‌کوه واقع در استان فارس است. با استفاده از روش Daniel و با توجه به اندازة خانوار ساکن در مناطق روستایی، تعداد 200 پرسشنامه پیرامون عوامل مؤثر بر حملات خرس و همچنین راهکارهای مورد استفاده توسط مردم محلی در مقابل تعارض این گونه طراحی شده و در سال 1398 با مردم محلی مصاحبه صورت گرفت. برای این منظور از روش تحلیل شبکة اجتماعی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که خشکسالی، تحریک خرس و عدم فنس‌کشی پیرامون باغات و کندوهای زنبور عسل، به‌ترتیب بیشترین مرکزیت را در بین عوامل مؤثر بر حمله خرس به انسان و سرمایه‌های انسانی از دیدگاه جوامع محلی دارا هستند. از بین روش‌های مورد استفاده توسط مردم محلی، آموزش به کودکان و افراد کم تجربه، فنس‌کشی پیرامون باغ و یا کندوی زنبور عسل و استفاده از سگ‌های گله، میزان اعتماد مردم قبل و پس از استفاده از روش‌های مذکور بالاتر از سایر روش‌ها است. از جمله نتایج معنی‌دار این بخش، کاهش مرکزیت کمک خواهی از ادارة حفاظت محیط زیست پس از استفاده است که نشان‌دهندة اعتماد پایین مردم محلی پس از مراجعه به ادارة حفاظت محیط زیست است. با مشخص شدن نقش مرکزی آموزش ‌به کودکان و افراد کم تجربه پیشنهاد می‌شود آموزش به جوامع محلی در رأس برنامه‌های مدیریتی ادارة حفاظت محیط زیست استان فارس قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Human-brown bear conflict in the southernmost part of its distribution in Iran (Roshan Kooh no-hunting area, Fars Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Mohammadi 1
  • Kamran Almasieh 2

1 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran

2 Department of Nature Engineering, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran

چکیده [English]

In Iran, brown bears are in a wider range of conflicts with people than other carnivores. However, understanding the factors leading to conflict is a conservation priority, which helps prevent and reduce the damages. The aim of this research is to investigate the factors affecting brown bear conflicts as well as strategies used by local people to reduce the damage caused by this species in the Roshan Kooh no-hunting area, Fars Province. We used Daniel method for sampling by considering the size of households living in rural areas, and 200 questionnaires about the factors affecting brown bear attacks and the strategies used by local people for reducing damages were designed and local people were interviewed in 2019. For this purpose, social network analysis method was used. The results showed that from the perspective of the local communities, drought, brown bear stimulation and lack of fencing around orchards and beehives have the most centrality among the factors affecting brown bear conflicts with human. Among the solutions used by local people, the level of public trust before and after using educating children and inexperienced people, fencing around the orchards or beehives, and using herding dogs, is higher than other methods. The significant results of this research are the reduction of the centrality with the help from the Department of Environment (DoE) after use, which shows the low trust of local people after referring to the DoE. With the determination of the central role of education for children and inexperienced people, it is suggested that education to local communities is considered as a top of the management programs of the DoE.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Conflict
  • drought
  • Brown bear
  • Roshan Kooh no-hunting area
  • Fars Province
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