نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

عوامل مؤثر بر پذیرش فناوری‌های کارآمد آبی در سازگاری با تغییراقلیم و کاهش هدر رفت آب شهری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه اقتصاد انرژی، کشاورزی و محیط‌زیست، دانشکده اقتصاد، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به پیامدهای تغییر اقلیم، برنامه­ریزان شهری در پی ارائه راهبردها و راه حل­ هایی برای مقابله با آثار تغییر اقلیم در کلان‌شهرها می باشند. در این میان مدیریت مصرف آب، مؤلفه­ ای از مدیریت تقاضا م ی­باشد که ناظر بر مسائل کاهش تلفات و مصارف غیرضروری آب است. در این راهبردها، تلاش بر این است که با استفاده از تجهیزات کاهندة مصرف، افزایش آگاهی مصرف­کنندگان و بکارگیری ابزارهای قانونی و اقتصادی، آب را  از یک کالای مصرفی به یک کالای ارزشی تبدیل و با بهبود راندمان مصرف آب، از هدر رفت و نابودی این منابع، جلوگیری نمود. بنابراین، شناسایی مؤلفه ­های اثرگذار بر اجرای کاراترین راهبردهای کنترل و کاهش اتلاف آب، به‌عنوان راهنمایی برای برنامه­ ریزان و سیاست‌گذاران در انتخاب ابزارهای مدیریت تقاضا و کاهش هدررفت آب، حائز اهمیت است. بر این اساس، در پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از روش پیمایشی و در قالب دو الگوی مجزای لاجیت، به ارزیابی عوامل مؤثر بر پذیرش فناوری ­های نوین در کاهش هدر رفت آن در داخل و فضای خارجی خانه توسط کاربران خانگی شهر تهران به‌عنوان یکی از مهمترین ابزارهای غیر اقتصادی، پرداخته شده است. جمع‌آوری داده­ های تحقیق از دو روش تکمیل پرسشنامه (حجم نمونه 256 نفر) و مصاحبة حضوری صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد مؤثرترین عوامل تمایل به پذیرش استفاده از تجهیزات کاهندة آب در داخل منازل به‌ترتیب به شاخص نگرش در مورد فناوری ­های کارآمد آبی و تحصیلات با کشش­ های وزنی5/54 و 4/17 اختصاص دارد. علاوه بر آن، افزایش شاخص نگرانی محیط­زیستی و تحصیلات به‌ترتیب منجر به افزایش 8/14 و 4/66 درصدی تمایل به سرمایه ­گذاری در فناوری­ کارآمد آبی در خارج از ساختمان م ی­شود. بر اساس نتایج مهمترین دلایل حفاظت و جلوگیری از هدر رفت آب در بخش خانگی به‌ترتیب به ترس از کم آبی و نیاز انسان به آن، ملاحظات محیط زیستی، تأثیر دوستان و خانواده و ملاحظات مالی اختصاص دارد. همچنین استفاده درست از آب در ساختمان، عدم آگاهی نسبت به کارایی تجهیزات و هزینه، به‌ترتیب رتبه اول تا سوم مهمترین دلایل عدم استفاده از تجهیزات با کارآمد آبی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Factors affecting the adoption of efficient water technologies in adapting to climate change and reducing urban water loss

نویسنده [English]

  • Samaneh Abedi

Department of Agriculture and Environment Economics, Energy Economics, Faculty of Economics, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Given the consequences of climate change, urban planners seek to provide strategies and solutions to deal with the effects of climate change in metropolitan areas. Meanwhile, water consumption management is a component of demand management that looks at issues of reducing losses and unnecessary water consumption. In these strategies, efforts are made to convert water from a consumer good to a valuable good by using consumption reduction equipment, increasing consumer awareness and using legal and economic tools, and also by wasting water consumption efficiency, it is wasted and the destruction of these resources was prevented. Therefore, identifying the components affecting the implementation of the most effective strategies to control and reduce water loss, as a guide for planners and policy makers in selecting demand management tools and reducing water loss, is important. Accordingly, in the present study, using a survey method and in the form of two separate logit models, to evaluate the factors affecting the acceptance of new technologies in reducing its waste inside and outside the home by home users in Tehran as one of the most important tools. Non-economic, paid. Research data were collected by two methods of completing a questionnaire (sample size 256 people) and face-to-face interview. The results showed that the most effective factors in the tendency to accept the use of water-reducing equipment inside homes are related to the index of attitudes about efficient water technologies and education with weight tensions of 5.54 and 4.17, respectively. In addition, increasing the environmental concern and education index leads to an increase of 8.14 and 4.66 percent in the willingness to invest in efficient water technology outside the building, respectively. According to the results, the most important reasons for protecting and preventing water loss in the home sector are fear of water shortage and human need for it, environmental considerations, the impact of friends and family and financial considerations, respectively. Also, the common use of water in the building, lack of awareness of equipment efficiency and cost, respectively, ranked first to third are the most important reasons for not using water-efficient equipment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate change
  • Water loss
  • Efficient water technology
  • Water consumption management and behavioral interventions
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 75، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 2
تیر 1401
صفحه 307-319