ارزیابی آلایندگی فلزات سنگین در ارتباط با عوامل فیزیکوشیمیایی رسوبات گلی در مغزة رسوبی از پلایای گاوخونی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

پلایای گاوخونی واقع در در 130 کیلومتری جنوب شرق اصفهان شامل سه پهنة گلی، ماسه‌ای و نمکی می‌باشد. پهنة گلی عمدتاً در بخش شمالی پلایا (دلتای زاینده‌رود) گسترش دارد. یک مغزة رسوبی برای مطالعه وضعیت آلودگی رسوبات گلی دلتای زاینده‌رود به فلزات سنگین از طریق حفاری در رسوبات تهیه گردید. از طریق مطالعة این مغزه، 7 رخساره شامل گل توده‌ای سیاه، گل توده‌ای قهوه‌ای، گل ماسه‌ای توده‌ای سیاه، گل ماسه‌ای قهوه‌ای، گل توده‌ای سبز روشن، گل ماسه‌ای سبز روشن و گل قهوه‌ای ژیپس‎دار و 5 زیر محیط کانال‌های انشعابی، حاشیة کانال، دریاچه و پلایا شناسایی گردید. برای تعیین نقش عوامل فیزیکوشیمیایی در تغییرات غلظت و آلودگی عناصر سنگین در رخساره‌ها، دانه‌بندی رسوبات به روش الک تر و هیدرومتری و اندازه‌گیری میزان pH و Eh، درصد کربنات کلسیم، مادة آلی کل (TOC) و غلظت فلزات سنگین در رسوبات انجام شد. نتایج حاصل از آنالیز نمونه‌های رسوب نشان داد که میانگین غلظت فلزات سنگین مورد بررسی (بر حسبppm) به‌ترتیب میزان به‌صورت منگنز (576/46)، روی (79/73)، کروم (50/84)، مس (46/32)، نیکل (37/40)، سرب (10/99)، کبالت (9/09) و کادمیوم (0/920) می‌باشد. بر اساس همبستگی بین غلظت فلزات سنگین و عوامل فیزیکوشیمیایی مورد بررسی و همچنین تحلیل خوشه‌ای، جذب عناصر منگنز، کبالت، نیکل و کروم تحت تأثیر میزان رس، اکسید آهن و Eh بوده و کلسیم‌کربنات و مواد آلی بر جذب عناصر کادمیوم، روی، سرب و مس تأثیرگذار بوده‌اند. نتایج حاصل از محاسبة شاخص‌های آلودگی رسوبات به فلزات سنگین شامل شاخص غنی‌شدگی (EF)، شاخص زمین انباشتگی (Igeo) و شاخص انباشت آلودگی (PLI) نشان داد که رسوبات مغزة برداشت شده از دلتای تالاب بین‌المللی گاوخونی علی‌رغم نشان دادن تغییرات شرایط محیط رسوب‌گذاری به‌صورت غیر آلوده هستند. نمونه‌های رسوبات تنها بر اساس شاخص زمین انباشتگی به سه عنصر روی، مس و کادمیوم آلودگی نشان می‌دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The evaluation of heavy metals in relation to physicochemical parameters of mud sediments in a core sediment from the Gavkhuni playa lake

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Reza Pakzad 1
  • Mehrdad Pasandi 1
  • Mohammad Nemati Varnosfaderany 2
  • Fereshteh Khodabandelou 1

1 Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

2 Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources. Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

چکیده [English]

The Gavkhuni playa is located 130 km southeast of Isfahan. This playa consists of three mud, sand and salt flats. The mud flat mainly covers northern part of the playa (the Zayandehrud delta). A sediment core was drilled in order to study heavy metals pollution in the subsurface mud sediments of the Zayandehrud delta. Accordingly, 7 facies including black mass mud, brown mass mud, black mass sand mud, brown sand mud, light green mass mud, light green sand mud and brown gypsum bearing mud, and 5 sub-environments of branching canals, canal margin, lake and playa were identified. To determine role of the physicochemical factors in concentration changes and pollution of the heavy metals in the facies, granulometry of the sediments was carried out through wet sieving and hydrometric methods. Eh and pH, calcium carbonate and organic matter contents and heavy metals concentration in the sediments were measured asx well. Average concentrations of the heavy metals (in ppm) in order of their abundances are Mn (576.46), Zn (79.73), Cr (50.84), Cu (46.32), Ni (37.40), Pb (10.99), Co (09.09) and Cd (0.092). According to the correlation between the heavy metals and physicochemical parameters and also cluster analysis, the retention of Mn, Co, Ni and Cr has been affected by clay, Fe oxi-hydroxides and Eh whereas the contents of calcium carbonate and organic matter have been effective in the adsorption of Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu. The indices of sediment pollution to heavy metals including the Enrichment Index (EF), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) and Pollution Accumulation Index (PLI) indicate that despite changes in the sedimentation condition, sediments of the drilled core show no pollution. Based only on the Igeo index, the sediment samples show little pollution to Zn, Cu and Cd.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sedimentology
  • Heavy metal contamination
  • Zayandehrud delta
  • Sedimentary core
  • Gavkhuni Playa Lake
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