بررسی و تحلیل پویایی کاربری اراضی و تأثیر آن بر جزایر حرارتی شهری (مطالعة موردی: شهر مشهد)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط ‌زیست، دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه رن دو، رن، فرانسه

چکیده

هدف از این مطالعه بررسی و تحلیل پویایی کاربری اراضی و تأثیر آن­ بر جزایر حرارتی سطح شهر بوده است. این پژوهش برای شهر مشهد و نواری به عرض 10 کیلومتر در اطراف آن به‌کمک تصاویر ماهواره لندست در بازة زمانی 1988 تا 2018 انجام شد. فرآیند بکار رفته شامل طبقه‌بندی نظارت شده تصاویر، بررسی تغییرات کاربری ­ها در بازة زمانی یاد شده و بررسی تغییرات دمای سطح زمین (LST) و تراکم پوشش گیاهی (NDVI) در کاربری­ ها و رابطة آن‌ها با کاربری‌های سطح زمین بود. نتایج نشان داد که تا سال 2018، مساحت کاربری کشاورزی-باغ به میزان 9/38 درصد کاهش، مساحت مناطق ساخته شده شهری و مناطق مسکونی 12/19 درصد افزایش، فضای سبز شهری 2/11 درصد افزایش و سایر مناطق 4/93 درصد افزایش یافته است. کاهش سطح مناطق کشاورزی-باغ به‌دلیل تبدیل آن‌ها به مناطق ساخته شده شهری و مناطق مسکونی بوده است. هم­چنین مشخص شد که تغییرات کاربری اراضی انسان ساخت منجر به تغییر دمای سطح زمین (Land Surface Temperature) شده است. افزایش دمای سطح و کاهش تفاوت بین میانگین دمای مناطق درون‌شهری و مناطق اطراف شهر مشاهده شد که نشان‌دهندة گسترش پدیدة جزیرة گرمایی شهری در شهر مشهد است. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که استفاده از داده­ های ماهواره ­ای چندزمانه و ترکیب روش­ های معمول بررسی جزایر حرارتی (بررسی تغییرات توزیع زمانی-مکانی جزایر حرارتی شهری نسبت به تغییرات گسترش شهری، رابطة جزایر حرارتی با پوشش گیاهی و کاربری و پوشش اراضی) می ­تواند دیدی همه­ جانبه از نحوه شکل­ گیری و گسترش جزایر حرارتی شهری به ­دست دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation and analysis of land use dynamics and its impact on urban Heat islands(Case study: Mashhad)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Narges Arab 1
  • Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiny 1
  • Ali Reza Mikaeili Tabrizi 1
  • Thoma Houet 2

1 Department of Environment, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

2 Department of Geography, CNRS, University of Rennes, Rennes, France

چکیده [English]

The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the land use dynamics and its impact on the heat islands of the city. This research was conducted for the city of Mashhad and a 10 km wide strip around it with the help of Landsat satellite images in the period 1988 to 2018. The process used includes supervised classification of images, investigation of land use changes during the mentioned period and investigation of changes in land surface temperature (LST) and vegetation density (NDVI) was in land uses and their relationship with land use. The results showed that by 2018, the area of ​​agricultural-garden use decreased by 9.38%, the area of ​​urban and residential areas increased by 12.19%, urban green space increased by 2.11% and other areas increased by 4.93%. The decrease in the level of agricultural-garden areas has been due to their conversion into urban and residential areas. It was also found that changes in man-made land use have led to changes in land surface temperature (LST). An increase in surface temperature and a decrease in the difference between the average temperature of urban areas and areas around the city was observed, which indicates the expansion of the urban heat island phenomenon in the city of Mashhad. The results of this study showed that the use of multi-temporal satellite data and the combination of common methods for studying thermal islands (study of temporal-spatial distribution changes of urban thermal islands compared to changes in urban development, the relationship of thermal islands with vegetation and land use and coverage Lands) can provide a comprehensive view of how urban thermal islands are formed and expanded.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Land use changes
  • NDVI
  • Surface temperature
  • Urban heat islands
  • Mashhad
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