پایش ماهواره‌ای تغییرات زمانی-مکانی دمای سطح زمین در استان خراسان جنوبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه آب و هواشناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه سیدجمال الدین اسدآبادی، اسدآباد، ایران

2 کارشناس هواشناسی، مدیرکل هواشناسی استان خراسان جنوبی، بیرجند، ایران

3 معاونت توسعه و پیش‌بینی هواشناسی خراسان جنوبی، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

دمای سطح زمین، تابعی از انرژی خالص در سطح زمین است که به مقدار انرژی رسیده به سطح، گسیلندگی، رطوبت، جریان هوای جوی، توپوگرافی و شرایط اقلیمی منطقه بستگی دارد. در این پژوهش از داده­ های روزانة سنجندة مودیس ماهواره تررا جهت تحلیل تغییرات زمانی-مکانی دمای سطح زمین در استان خراسان جنوبی استفاده شده است. بازة زمانی این داده ­ها، روزانه و از سال1381 تا 1398 برابر با 6449 روز خورشیدی را شامل می ­شود. تفکیک مکانی پیکسل ­ها، 1*1 کیلومتری در سیستم شبکه­ بندی سینوسی است که برای پهنة این استان، 174015پیکسل استخراج شد. پهنه­ بندی مکانی دمای سطح زمین نشان داد که دما در این استان، میل به خوشه ­ای شدن و متمرکزشدن دارد. به‌طوری‌که، گرنیگاه و ثقل افزایشی دما در بخش­ های جنوبی، جنوب­غرب و غرب استان که منطبق بر مناطق کم‌ارتفاع و در همسایگی با کویرلوت و دشت کویر هستند، انطباق بالایی دارد. همچنین واکاوی روند دمای سطح زمین حاکی از این است که 1/5 درصد از وسعت استان در قلمرو روند افزایشی دماست که در بخش ­های شمال و  شمال­ غرب استان با استان سمنان، اصفهان و در همسایگی کویر مرکزی ایران و کویر لوت واقع شده است. کمتر از یک درصد از مساحت استان نیز، دارای روند کاهشی دما می ­باشد که در اغلب نقاط استان به‌ویژه در مناطق مرتفع و کوهستانی به‌صورت پراکنده مشاهده می­شود. به‌نظر می­رسد در این استان، تابستان و زمستان در حال گرم‌ترشدن هستند که نباید از نقش شرایط اقلیمی و توپوگرافی منطقه مانند همجواری با بیابان ­ها و کویرهای بزرگ ایران، کاهش پوشش‌گیاهی استان و جذب حداکثری دمای تابشی خورشید در وردش­ های دمای سطحی غافل شد. بنابراین تغییر سیستم آبیاری از غرقابی به قطره­ای یا تشتکی، تغییر الگوی کشت و توسعة محصولات مقاوم در برابر تنش گرمایی مانند زرشک، زعفران و عناب ضروری به‌نظر می­رسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Satellite monitoring of temporal-spatial changes in land surface temperature In south Khorasan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sayyed mohammad Hosseini 1
  • Alireza Khandanro 2
  • Mohammad Reza Tahan 3

1 Department of Climatology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Sayyed Jamaleddin Asadabadi University, Asadabad, Iran.

2 South Khorasan Province Meteorological Organization, Birjand, Iran

3 South Khorasan Province Meteorological Organization, Birjand, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Land surface temperature is a function of net energy at the surface, which depends on the amount of energy reached to the surface, emissions, humidity, atmospheric airflow, topography and climatic conditions of the region. Calculate high accuracy over a wide range. Today, using satellite - remote sensing, can monitor the land surface temperature of the earth, which is one of the important parameters in determining the energy balance of the earth in biological, climatic, hydrological and biological researches. In this paper, to achieve this goal, the daily data of Terra satellite MODIS sensor used to analyze the long-term mean of the monthly period and land surface temperature trend in South Khorasan. The period of these data is daily and includes from 2002 to 2019 equal to 6449 solar days. The spatial separation of the pixel is 1 * 1 km in the sinusoidal networking system, for which 174015 spatial pixel have been extracted in the South Khorasan. Spatial zonation of land surface temperature showed that the surface temperature in this area tends to cluster and implant. During the year, gravity and increasing temperature in the southern, southwestern and western parts of the province, has a high adaptation to low-lying areas in the neighborhood of Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Lut. In addition, the analysis of the surface temperature trend in this province shows that, 1.5% of the province is located in the territory of increasing temperature trend and in the northern and northwestern parts of the province in the strip with Semnan, Isfahan and in the neighborhood of the Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Lut. Less than one percent of the area of ​​the province has a decreasing trend in temperature that observed in most parts of the province, especially in high and mountainous areas. It seems that summer and winter are getting warmer in this province, which should not be overlooked the dynamic role of topography of the region, proximity to large deserts and deserts of Iran, reduced vegetation in the province and maximum absorption of solar radiation temperature in surface temperature changes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Land Surface Temperature
  • Modis Terra Satellite
  • Temporal-Spatial changes
  • Trend analysis
  • South Khorasan
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