نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

رتبه‌بندی مالچ‌های ویناسی بر اساس شاخص‌های محیط‌زیستی با استفاده از مدل تاپسیس (مطالعة شمال خرمشهر)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

امروزه، با توجه ­به اثرات منفی مالچ­ های نفتی بر محیط­ زیست، استفاده از مالچ­ های سازگار با محیط­زیست توجه زیادی را به خود معطوف کرده است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، تعیین بهترین ترکیب از ویناس، فیلترکیک، باگاس و خاکستر باگاس به ­عنوان مالچ از نظر شاخص ­های محیط‌زیستی در شمال خرمشهر است. در این مطالعه، از ترکیب ویناس (0، 100 و 200 گرم) با باگاس (0، 25 و 50 گرم)، خاکسترباگاس (0، 25 و 50 گرم)، فیلترکیک (0، 12/5 و 25 گرم) و یک لیتر آب، 81 تیمار فراهم شده است. در گام اول، از بین 81 تیمار، تیمارهای در محدودة مناسب شوری و اسیدیته تعیین شدند و در گام دوم، پس از مالچ­پاشی (35 تیمار بهینه در گام اول) روی سینی­های آزمایشگاهی (100×30 ×2 سانتی­متر)، مقاومت برشی، مقاومت فشاری، مقاومت ­به­ ضربه، ضریب درز ­و ­ترک سطحی برای تیمارهای بهینه با حداقل سه تکرار اندازه ­گیری شده ­است. در گام سوم، مالچ­ های منتخب در گام دوم به ­صورت کیفی امتیازبندی شده ­است. درگام چهارم، تیمارهای منتخب در گام قبلی از لحاظ شاخص­ های عناصر سنگین (کادمیوم، کروم، سرب، روی، آرسنیک، جیوه، وانادیم و نیکل)، شوری، اسیدیته وخصوصیات شیمیایی (کلسیم، منیزیم، سدیم، سولفات، کلر، فسفر، پتاسیم، کربن آلی،  نیتروژن و نسبت جذب سدیم)، موردبررسی قرار می­ گیرند. در گام آخر تیمارها از لحاظ شاخص­ های محیط­زیستی بااستفاده از مدل تاپسیس رتبه ­بندی شدند و تیمار با بالاترین شاخص نزدیکی، به ­عنوان مالچ بهینه انتخاب شد. نتایج مدل تاپسیس نشان داد که تیمار 19 (100 گرم ویناس، 50 گرم باگاس، فاقد خاکسترباگاس و 12/5 فیلترکیک)، با شاخص نزدیکی 0/89 رتبه­ اول را به ­دست آورده ­است. براساس نتایج این پژوهش، می ­توان نتیجه­­گیری کرد که کاربرد ویناس (100 گرم) در تیمار بهینه، منجر به افزایش رتبه مالچ ویناسی از لحاظ شاخص­های محیط­زیستی با شاخص نزدیکی 0/89 خواهد شد. از سوی دیگر، حضور باگاس و فیلترکیک در مالچ بهینه، بر افزایش مقاومت برشی (تا 2 کیلوگرم برسانتی­مترمربع نسبت به شاهد) و کاهش ضریب درز ­و ­ترک (تا 1/8 درصد نسبت به شاهد) تاثیر به‌سزایی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Ranking of Vinasse mulches in terms of environmental indicators using TOPSIS model (Case study: North of Khorramshahr)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zeinab Nazari 1
  • Mazaher Moeinaddini 1
  • Salman Zare 2
  • Reza Rafiee 1

1 Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Today, due to the negative effects of oil mulches on the environment, has attracted a lot of attention the use of environmentally friendly mulches. The purpose of this study is to determine the best combination of vinasse, filter cake, bagasse and bagasse ash as mulch in terms of environmental indicators in the north of Khorramshahr. In this study, 81 treatments were provided with combination of vinasse (0, 100, 200 g), bagasse (0, 25, 50 g), ash bagasse (0, 25, 50 g), filtercake (0, 12.5, 25 g) and one-liter water. In the first step, among 81 treatments, were determined treatments in the appropriate range of salinity and acidity and in the second step, after mulching (35 optimal treatments in the first step) on laboratory trays (2×30×100 cm), have been measured shear strength, compressive strength, impact resistance, surface crack coefficient for optimal treatments with at least three replications. In the third step, the selected mulches are qualitatively scored. In the fourth step, the selected treatments in the previous step are examined in terms of the indicators of heavy elements (cadmium, chromium, lead, zinc, arsenic, mercury, vanadium, nickel), salinity, acidity and chemical properties (calcium, magnesium, sodium, sulfate, chlorine, phosphorus, (Potassium, organic carbon, nitrogen and sodium uptake ratio). In the last step, the treatments were ranked in terms of environmental indicators using the TOPSIS model and the treatment with the highest proximity index was selected as the optimal mulch. The results of TOPSIS model showed that treatment 19 (100 g vinasse, 50 g bagasse, no ash bagasse and 12.5 filter crack) with a proximity index of 0.89 was the first. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of vinasse (100 g) in the optimal treatment will increase the rank of vinasse mulch in terms of environmental indicators with a proximity index of 0.89 and on the other hand, The presence of bagasse and filtercake in the optimal mulch has a significant effect on increasing the shear strength (up to 2 kg / cm2 compared to the control) and reducing the crack coefficient (up to 1.8% compared to the control).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Suspended particles
  • Bagasse
  • Filtercake
  • Bagasse ash
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 75، شماره 1
خرداد 1401
صفحه 150-164