نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

بررسی ارتباط مصرف انرژی، رشد اقتصادی، تخریب محیط‌زیست و توسعة مالی در فرآیند گرمایش جهانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اقتصاد انرژی، کشاورزی و محیط‌زیست، دانشکده اقتصاد، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، واحد شهر قدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تهران. ایران.

چکیده

امروزه با برجسته‌تر شدن مسائل مهم ‌محیط‌زیستی در زمینة گرمایش جهانی ناشی از انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای، موضوع بهره‌برداری پایدار از منابع طبیعی و کاهش آثار منفی ناشی از رشد و توسعة اقتصادی بیش از پیش اهمیت یافته است. طی دهه‌های اخیر نقش توسعة مالی در امر دستیابی به توسعة اقتصادی بالاتر پررنگ شده است. بنابراین در مطالعة حاضر ضمن بررسی اثرات توسعة مالی، رشد اقتصادی، مصرف انرژی و انتشار دی‌اکسید کربن روی یکدیگر، سعی بر آن است تا با توجه به همبستگی میان رشد اقتصادی و شاخص توسعة مالی به این پرسش پاسخ داد که آیا می‌توان به رابطه‌ای میان توسعة مالی و تخریب محیط‌زیست دست یافت؟ بدین‌منظور با استفاده از اطلاعات سال‌های 1996 تا 2017 کشورهای منتخب سازمان همکاری و توسعة اقتصادی و بهره­گیری از روش برآورد گشتاورهای تعمیم‌یافته و منحنی ‌محیط‌زیستی کوزنتس به بررسی سوال تحقیق پرداخته شده است. طبق الگوی کوزنتس نتایج حاکی از آن است که میان شاخص رشد اقتصادی و تخریب محیط‌زیست، همبستگی وجود دارد. بنابراین نظریش منحنی کوزنتس در کشورهای مورد مطالعه، با در نظر گرفتن نقش توسعة مالی در دستیابی به رشد بالاتر اقتصادی صادق است. در نهایت نتایج حاکی از آن است که در کشورهای مورد مطالعه، یک درصد افزایش در شاخص توسعة مالی منجر به افزایش 0/82درصدی مصرف انرژی و کاهش انتشار دی‌اکسید کربن می ­شود. علاوه بر آن افزایش یک درصدی انتشار آلایندة‌ دی­اکسیدکربن، منجر به رشد 0/7درصدی مصرف انرژی و در مقابل، افزایش یک درصدی مصرف انرژی در کشورهای مورد مطالعه به رشد 0/89 درصدی انتشار دی‌اکسید کربن منجر شده است. قابل ذکر است ضمن وجود رابطة دوسویه میان شاخص توسعة مالی و رشد اقتصادی، رابطة U شکل نیز میان تولید ناخالص داخلی سرانه و توسعة مالی نیز در کشورهای مورد مطالعه، تأیید شده است. نتیجة کلی مطالعة حاضر نیز بیانگر تأثیر مثبت توسعة مالی، رشد اقتصادی، مصرف انرژی و انتشار کربن بر یکدیگر به جز توسعة مالی که انتشار دی­اکسید کربن را کاهش می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating energy consumption, economic growth, environmental degradation and financial development in global warming process

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samaneh Abedi 1
  • Afsaneh Naeimifar 2
  • Mohsen Abdi 1

1 Department of Energy, Agriculture and Environmental Economics, Faculty of Economics, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Agricultural Economics, Shahr-e -Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran. Iran.

چکیده [English]

Today, with the emergence of important environmental issues in the field of global warming due to greenhouse gas emissions, the issue of sustainable use of natural resources and reducing the negative effects of economic growth and development has become more important. In recent decades, the role of financial development in achieving higher economic development has been highlighted. Therefore, in the present study, while examining the effects of financial development, economic growth, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions on each other, it is tried to answer the question whether there is a relationship between economic growth and financial development index. Achieved financial development and environmental degradation? For this purpose, using the data of 1996 to 2017 selected countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and using the method of estimating generalized moments and Kuznets environmental curve, the research question has been investigated. According to Kuznets's model, the results show that there is a correlation between economic growth index and environmental degradation. Therefore, the Kuznets curve theory is true in the studied countries, considering the role of financial development in achieving higher economic growth. Finally, the results show that in the studied countries, a one percent increase in the financial development index leads to a 0.82 percent increase in energy consumption and a decrease in carbon dioxide emissions. In addition, a one percent increase in carbon dioxide emissions led to a 0.70 percent increase in energy consumption and, conversely, a one percent increase in energy consumption in the study countries led to a 0.89 percent increase in carbon dioxide emissions. It is noteworthy that in addition to the two-way relationship between financial development index and economic growth, the U-shaped relationship between GDP per capita and financial development has also been confirmed in the study countries. The overall result of the present study also indicates the positive impact of financial development, economic growth, energy consumption and carbon emissions on each other except for financial development which reduces carbon dioxide emissions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Economic development
  • Finantional development
  • Fossil fuels
  • Global warming
  • Generalized Method of Moments
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 76، شماره 3
مهر 1402
صفحه 479-492