توزیع زمانی- فضایی تراکم ستون NO2 تروپوسفری در ایران با استفاده از داده‌‌های سنجندۀ OMI

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

آلودگی هوا از مهم‌ترین موضوعات مرتبط با اقلیم است. امروزه به‌دلیل استفادۀ روزافزون از سوخت‌های فسیلی، غلظت آلاینده‌های هوا به‌ویژه دی‌اکسید نیتروژن (NO2) افزایش یافته که سبب بروز مشکلات عدیده‌ای برای سلامت انسان شده است. در این پژوهش توزیع زمانی- فضایی تراکم ستون NO2  تروپوسفری در ایران با استفاده از داده‌های سنجندۀ OMI طی دورۀ آماری (2020 – 2005) بررسی شد. در آنالیز بلندمدت تراکم ستون NO2 تروپوسفری، میانگین NO2 1.57e+15 molec/cm2 برآورد شد که بیشترین مقدار آن بر فراز شهر تهران (1.5e+16 molec/cm2) و کمترین مقدار آن در نواحی برون‌شهری (1.e+14 molec/cm2) مشاهده شد. افزون‌بر کلانشهر تهران، شهرهای اصفهان، اهواز، شیراز، تبریز، رشت، ساری، مشهد، قم، قزوین و نواحی صنعتی سواحل جنوب از غلظت زیادی برخوردار بودند. آنالیز حاصل از بررسی سری زمانی تراکم ستون NO2 تروپوسفری در طول 5823 روز متوالی (2020 – 2005)، حاکی از روند افزایشی NO2 در گسترۀ تروپوسفر ایران است، به‌طوری که میانگین آن از molec/cm2 1.36e+15 در سال 2005 به molec/cm2 1.78e+15 در سال 2020 رسیده ‌است. نتایج بررسی پراکنش فصلی نشان داد که بیشینه و کمینۀ NO2 به‌ترتیب در فصول زمستان (molec/cm2 (1.57e+15 و تابستان (molec/cm2 1.31e+15) رخ می‌دهد. از سوی دیگر ماه‌های نوامبر، دسامبر و ژانویه از بیشترین، و ماه‌های ژوئن، ژولای و آگوست از کمترین پراکنش ماهانه برخوردار بوده­اند. غلظت بیشتر NO2 در دورۀ سرد سال به‌دلیل فعال‌تر بودن کانون‌های انتشار از یک‌سو و شرایط هواشناسی حاکم در این دوره از سال از سوی دیگر است. همچنین با توجه به روند افزایشی آلایندۀ  NO2اثرهای زیانبـار آن در آینده تشدید خواهد شد. بنابراین باید قبـل از افزایـش بیشتر، اقدامـات پیشـگیرانه توسط مسـئولان صـورت گیـرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatiotemporal distribution of tropospheric NO2 column density over Iran using the OMI sensor data

نویسنده [English]

  • Koohzad Raispour

Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

چکیده [English]

One of the most important issues related to climate is air pollution. Today, due to the increasing use of fossil fuels, the concentration of air pollutants, especially nitrogen dioxide (NO2), has increased and has caused many problems for human health. The study investigated the temporal-spatial study of tropospheric NO2 column density using the OMI sensor data during the study period of 2005-2020 over the Iranian territory. In the long-term, the average NO2 was estimated to be 1.57e + 15 molecules/cm2, with the highest amount over Tehran (1.5e + 16 molecules/cm2) and the lowest amount over suburban areas (1e + 14 molecules/cm2). In addition to the metropolis of Tehran, cities such as Isfahan, Ahvaz, Shiraz, Tabriz, Rasht, Sari, Mashhad, Qom, Qazvin, and the industrial areas of the southern coast had high concentrations. The time-series analysis of the tropospheric NO2 column density during the 5823 consecutive day study period showed an increasing trend over Iran considering the averages change from 1.36e + 15 molecules/cm2 in 2005 to 1.78e + 15 molecules/cm2 in 2020. The seasonality results also showed that the maximum and minimum NO2 values occur in winter (1.57e + 15 molecule/cm2) and summer (1.31e + 15 molecule/cm2), respectively. As such, November, December, and January had the highest, and the months of June, July, and August had the lowest monthly mean NO2 column densities. The higher concentrations of NOduring the cold seasons are mainly due to the higher activity of emission sources in addition to the specific weather conditions at this period of the year. Besides, its harmful effects will intensify in the future referring the increasing trend of NO2 pollutants. Therefore, before the further increase, preventive measures should be taken by the relevant authorities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Air pollution
  • Iran
  • Troposphere
  • Nitrogen dioxide
  • OMI sensor
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