نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

ارزیابی آسیب‌پذیری پارک ملی گلستان در جهت توسعة پایدار با استفاده از مدل DPSIR

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه محیط زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

مناطق حفاظت‌شده به‌عنوان ابزاری مهم جهت حفظ تمامیت زیستگاه و تنوع گونه در نظر گرفته شده است و احداث این مناطق به معنای رها کردن آن‌ها به حال خود نیست، بلکه اعمال مدیریتی مستمر و کارآمد برای رسیدن به اهداف تعیین شده می ­باشد. اثرات ناشی از تهدیدها، مناطق حفاظت‌شده را آسیب­ پذیر می ­کند. بنابراین بررسی و ارزیابی تهدیدات در در این مناطق جهت ارائه راهکارهای مدیریتی ضروری می ­باشد. ارزیابی و آسیب ­پذیری جهت تدوین سیاست­ های مدیریت یکپارچه برای تصمیم­ گیران در جهت اولویت­ بندی فعالیت­ ها و بهبود آسیب­ پذیری مهم است. پارک ملی گلستان یکی از ارزشمندترین و بی­ نظیرترین مناطق تحت مدیریت و حفاظت نه تنها در ایران، بلکه در سراسر جهان به­­ شمار می ­رود و دارای ارزش ­های بی ­شمار طبیعی، جنگل­ های سرسبز و بکر و گونه ­های متنوع گیاهی و جانوری می­ باشد. این پژوهش یک مطالعه توصیفی-تحلیلی با هدف ارزیابی آسیب­ پذیری پارک ملی گلستان با تلفیق مدل DPSIR و روش نوین ارزیابی آسیب­ پذیری، به‌منظور ارائه راهکارهای مدیریتی است. در این روش ابتدا با استفاده از مدلDPSIR ، نیرو محرکه، فشار، وضعیت، اثر و پاسخ، تهدیدها و ارزش ­های منطقه و ارتباط بین آن‌ها بررسی و ارزیابی شدند. درنهایت، راهبردهایی در قالب پاسخ­های احتمالی به هر یک از مؤلفه ­های مدل  DPSIRارائه گردید. 5 نیروی محرکه اصلی با عنوان توسعة جمعیت، توسعة گردشگری، توسعة راه ­ها، چرای بی­ رویه دام، توسعة سکونتگاه­ ها و عدم مدیریت منسجم برای منطقه شناسایی و به ­تبع آن­ها فشارها، وضعیت و اثرات منطقه مشخص و مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج این پژوهش حاکی از آن است که در پارک ملی گلستان بیشترین اثرات تهدیدهای منطقه بر ارزش ­های اکولوژیک از جمله از بین رفتن حیوانات، گیاهان، زیستگاه حیات‌وحش و کاهش تنوع‌زیستی می­ باشند و از لحاظ آسیب‌پذیری، شکار غیرمجاز جانوران و آتش ­سوزی بیشترین آسیب را به منطقه وارد می­ کنند. در پایان راهبردهای مدیریتی برای مواجهه با عوامل تهدیدکننده ارائه گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Vulnerability assessment of Golestan National Park for sustainable development using DPSIR model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bita Baheri
  • Soolmaz Dashti

Department of Environment, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Protected areas are considered as an important tool for maintaining the integrity of the habitat and species diversity, and the construction of these areas does not mean leaving them alone, but continuous and efficient management practices to achieve the set goals. The effects of threats make protected areas vulnerable. Therefore, reviewing and evaluating threats in protected areas is necessary and essential to provide management solutions. Vulnerability is important for developing integrated management policies for decision makers in order to prioritize activities and improve vulnerability. Golestan National Park is one of the most valuable and unique areas under management and protection not only in Iran but also around the world and has countless natural values, lush and pristine forests and diverse species. It is plant and animal. This research is a descriptive-analytical study with the aim of assessing the vulnerability of Golestan National Park by combining the DPSIR model and the new vulnerability method in order to provide management solutions. In this method, first, using DPSIR model, driving force, pressure, status, effect and response, threats and values ​​of the region and the relationship between them were studied and evaluated. Finally, strategies in the form of possible responses to each component of the DPSIR model are presented. 5 The main driving forces such as population development, tourism development, road development, overgrazing, settlement development and lack of coherent management for the identified area and consequently the pressures, situation and effects of the area are identified and studied. Were located. The results of this study indicate that in Golestan National Park, the most effects of regional threats on ecological values, including the extinction of animals, plants, wildlife habitat and biodiversity loss, and in terms of vulnerability, illegal hunting of animals. In addition, fires cause the most damage to the area. Finally, management strategies to deal with threatening factors were presented.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • DPSIR Model
  • Vulnerability Assessment
  • Threats
  • Values
  • Golestan National Park
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 75، شماره 1
خرداد 1401
صفحه 22-37