نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

تأثیر تغییرات کاربری اراضی بر تشکیل جزایر گرمایی با استفاده از سنجش از دور (مطالعۀ موردی: شهر کرمان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر پسا دکتری گروه احیاء مناطق خشک کوهستانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 دانشیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

4 استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران

چکیده

تغییرات کاربری از عوامل مؤثر بر تغییر پارامترهای محیط زیستی از جمله دمای سطح زمین است. این افزایش دمای سطح زمین، بسترهای زندگی بشر، سلامت آن و اکوسیستم پیرامون آن را به‌شدت تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی روند تغییرات کاربری اراضی محدودۀ شهری کرمان و بررسی اثرگذاری این تغییرات بر دمای سطح زمین، با استفاده از اطلاعات ماهوارۀ لندست OLI و TM در دامنۀ زمانی 1369 تا 1399 انجام گرفت. برای تحقق این هدف، تغییرات کاربری در شش طبقۀ عمدۀ مناطق مسکونی و انسان‌ساخت، پوشش گیاهی، اراضی بایر با پوشش گیاهی کم و اراضی شور بدون پوشش گیاهی بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که در دامنۀ زمانی پژوهش، مناطق مسکونی و انسان‌ساخت افزایش 20/14 درصدی و کاربری‌های پوشش گیاهی، اراضی بایر با پوشش گیاهی کم و اراضی شور و بدون پوشش گیاهی نیز به‌ترتیب کاهش 3/76، 8/23 و 2/22 درصدی داشتند. این تغییرات کاربری با ضریب کاپا و دقت کلی بیش از 0/87 و 90 درصد نشان‌دهندۀ دقت کافی در طبقه‌بندی است. براساس بررسی تغییرات شاخص LST و NDVI، در دامنۀ زمانی بین سال 1369 تا 1399 مقدار متوسط شاخص LST از 42/26 درجۀ سانتی‌گراد در سال 1369 به 47/4 درجۀ سانتی‌گراد در سال 1399 رسید. مساحت طبقات بیشتر از 33 درجۀ سانتی‌گراد  LSTدر طول این دامنۀ زمانی روند افزایشی داشت؛ به‌طوری‌که مساحت آن از 33/6 درصد در سال 1369 به حدود 31/46 درصد در سال 1399رسید. مقادیر شاخص NDVI تا سال 1389 کاهشی بود، اما در سال 1399 مقدار این شاخص افزایش یافت. بررسی تغییرات دما در کاربری‌های مختلف نیز نشان داد که در سال 1369 بیشترین دمای سطح زمین مربوط به کاربری اراضی شور و بدون پوشش گیاهی با متوسط دمای 47/30 درجۀ سانتی‌گراد بود، درحالی ‌که در سال‌های 1379، 1389 و 1399 بیشترین مقدار متوسط دما با 51/46، 30/47 و 64/50 درجۀ سانتی‌گراد، به‌ترتیب مربوط به کاربری مناطق شهری و انسان‌ساخت بود. بنابراین نتایج این تحقیق می‌تواند به برنامه‌ریزان شهری و سیاستگذاران برای توسعۀ پایدار و به حداقل رساندن تأثیرات جزیرۀ گرمایی شهری کرمان کمک چشمگیری کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of land use change on the formation of heat islands using remote sensing (Case study: Kerman)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Eskandari Damneh 1
  • Hamed Eskandari Damaneh 1
  • Meysam Cheraghi 2
  • Hassan Khosravi 3
  • Mohsen Adeli Sardooei 4

1 Postdoctoral researcher, Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran

2 Ph.d Candidate, Department of Soil science, Faculty of Agricultural engineering & technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

4 Assistant Professor,, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran

چکیده [English]

Land use change is one of the factors affecting changes in the environmental parameters, such as land surface temperature. This increase in surface temperature severely affects human life, its health, and the ecosystem around it. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the trend of landuse changes in the urban area of Kerman City and the resulting effects on surface temperature using Landsat OLI and TM satellite data from a period of 1990 to 2020. To achieve this goal, landuse changes in the six major classes of Residential and Man-made areas, Vegetation, Barrenlands with low vegetation, and Saline-lands without vegetation were studied. The results showed that in the study period, Residential and Man-made areas increased by 14.20%, and Vegetation landuses, Barrenlands with low vegetation, and Saline-lands without vegetation also decreased by 3.76, 8.23 and 2.22 percent, respectively.  The landuse changes were detected with a 0.87 kappa coefficient and overall accuracy above 0.90, which indicates sufficient accuracy in classification.The results showed that during the study period, the average value of the LST index increased from 42.26 ° C in 1990 to 47.4 ° C in 2020. The area of the classes above 33 ° C LST has also increased from 6.33% in 1990 to around 31.46% in 2020. The values of the NDVI index were decreasing until 2010, but by 2020, the value of this index has increased again. Node-wise, the study also showed that in 1990, the highest value of land surface was related to Saline-lands without vegetation with an average temperature of 47.30 ° C while in 2000, 2010, and 2020, the highest average temperatures with values of 46.51, 47.30, and 50.64 ° C were respectively related to Urban and Man-made areas. Accordingly, the results obtained in this study can significantly help urban administrators and policymakers with sustainable development and minimize the effects of Kerman's urban heat island.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Vegetation
  • Surface temperature
  • Remote sensing
  • Kerman city
  • Landsat satellite
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 74، شماره 3
آذر 1400
صفحه 614-628