نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

مدل‌سازی مکانی عرضه و تقاضای خدمت تولید آب‌ سطحی در حوضۀ آبریز هراز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه محیط زیست دانشکده منایع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 استاد گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

تعادل بین عرضه و تقاضای آب و خدمات مرتبط با آن، مسئلۀ اصلی برنامه‌ریزی سرزمین با رویکرد مدیریت منابع آبی است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، برقراری جریان مناسب عرضه از طریق نقشه‌سازی خدمت تولید آب سطحی در آبریز با استفاده از مدل Water Yield به‌عنوان عرضۀ منابع آب آبریز و تقاضای آن بر مبنای آب قابل برنامه‌ریزی است. در این پژوهش براساس لایه‌های ورودی عمق محدودکنندۀ ریشه، میانگین بارندگی سالانه، مقدار آب در دسترس گیاه، تبخیر و تعرق مرجع، کاربری/پوشش اراضی، جدول بیوفیزیکی و مرز حوضه و زیرحوضه‌های آبریز عرضۀ خدمت تولید آب سطحی مدل‌سازی شد. سپس نقشۀ تقاضای حوضه براساس آب قابل برنامه‌ریزی در مدل Water Yield تهیه و جریان بین عرضه و تقاضا برای محاسبۀ تعادل‌ها و عدم‌ تعادل‌ها نقشه‌سازی شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که زیرحوضۀ پایاب‌ هراز با تولید سالانۀ 69 میلیون متر مکعب رواناب به‌واسطۀ 618 میلی‌متر بارش در سال و تمرکز کاربری کشاورزی و شهری بیشترین تولید رواناب را در سال 1396 داشته است و زیرحوضه‌های پایاب ‌تالار و سیاه‌رود به‌واسطۀ تمرکز بخش عمدۀ فعالیت‌های صنعتی افزون‌بر کاربری‌های کشاورزی و تمرکز جمعیت دارای بیشترین مقدار تقاضا با میانگین سالانه 800 میلیون متر مکعب هستند. همچنین در حوضۀ آبریز هراز، عدم تعادل جریان بین عرضه و تقاضا سبب فشار بسیار بر منابع آب می‌شود، به‌صورتی که ادامۀ وضع موجود به کاهش شدید منابع آب در سطح حوضۀ آبریز می‌انجامد. برای تعادل‌بخشی و حفظ پایداری در دو بخش تقاضا و عرضه، هدایت جمعیت به‌سمت زیرحوضه‌های کمتر مطلوب از طریق ایجاد انگیزه و امکانات در این مناطق و بازتعریف مجدد جمعیت با هدف کاهش تقاضا در زیرحوضه‌های تحت فشار و چیدمان پوشش/ کاربری سرزمین برای افزایش عرضه و نگهداشت منابع آب پیشنهاد شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatial modelling of supply and demand for water yield service in the Haraz Watershed

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Emlaei 1
  • Sharareh Pourebrahim 2
  • Majid Makhdoum 3

1 MSc, Department of Environment, Faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

The balance between water supply and demand and the related services is a key issue in land planning with a water resources management approach. The purpose of this study is to establish a proper supply flow through mapping surface water production service in the Haraz Watershed using the water yield model as a supply and demand utility. In this study, based on the input layers including limiting root depth, average annual rainfall, water content plant availability, reference evapotranspiration, land use/land cover, biophysical table, as well as watershed boundaries and sub-basins surface water production service was modeled. Then, the demand map of the watershed was prepared based on programmable water in the water yield model, and the flow between supply and demand was calculated to form the equilibrium and imbalances.The results show that the Payabeheraz sub-basin with an annual water yield of 69 million m3, due to precipitation of 618 mm per year, concentration of agricultural lands, and urban areas, had the highest water yield in 2017. In the meantime, Payabetalar and the Siahroud sub-basins, owning the amount of industrial lands in addition to the agricultural lands, and high population concentration, have the highest demand with an annual average of 800 million m3. Besides, the results indicate that in the Haraz watershed, the imbalance in supply and demand has led to a lot of pressure on the water resources so that continuing the current situation, a sharp decline in the water resources is imminent. In order to balance and maintain stability in both demand and supply sections, reallocating the population (to reduce demand in the pressurized sub-basins) and land cover/land use arrangement (to increase the supply and maintenance of water resources) have been proposed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Haraz Watershed
  • Ecosystem service
  • Water yield
  • Water supply and demand
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 74، شماره 3
آذر 1400
صفحه 475-489