بررسی روند تغییرات جمعیت و تنوع پرندگان آبزی زمستان‌گذران تالاب‌ها و نوار ساحلی جنوب دریای‌خزر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تنوع زیستی و ایمنی زیستی، پژوهشکده محیط‌زیست و توسعه پایدار، سازمان حفاظت محیط‌زیست، تهران، ایران

2 اداره کل حفاظت محیط زیست استان گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

در این پژوهش روند تغییرات جمعیت و شاخص ­های تنوع پرندگان آبزی زمستان‌گذران جنوب دریای خزر بر اساس داده­ های سرشماری نیمه­زمستانه سی ساله 1988 تا 2017 بررسی و ارزیابی شده است. روند تغییرات جمعیت با استفاده از بستة آماری RTRIM ((TRends and Indices for Monitoring Data و شاخص ­های بوم‌شناختی تنوع­ زیستی با استفاده از نرم ­افزارSDR-IV  (Species Diversity and Richness) محاسبه شده است. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین سی­ساله تعداد پرندگان ناحیة خزری 71.073±947.853 فرد (1.934.226= حداکثر - 326.281 = حداقل) است. سهم استان مازندران در بسیاری از سال ­ها همواره بیشتر از مجموع دو استان گیلان و گلستان می‌باشد. اندازة جمعیت و تعداد گونه­ های پرندگان آبزی زمستان­ گذران جنوب دریای‌خزر تا سال 2003 میلادی دارای نوسان است و از سال ­های 2004 تا 2009 روند جمعیت افزایشی شده ولی در طی ده سال آخر جمعیت به تدریج با شیب 2/7- درصد کاهش یافته است. نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل شاخص ­های تنوع گونه ­ای (شانون-وینر و سیمپسون D)، غنای گونه ­ای (مارگالف و مینهینیک) و یکنواختی گونه­ ای (پیلو و سیمپسون E) نشان داد که بالا بودن مقادیر تنوع و غنای گونه ­ای و پایین بودن مقادیر شاخص­های یکنواختی گونه­ای طی سال­های 2009-2004، ناشی از افزایش تعداد گونه ­ها به دلیل انجام سرشماری ­ها با دقت و صحت بیشتر با اجرای برنامة جامع سرشماری و استفاده از پرنده­ شناسان خارجی بوده است. نتایج این پژوهش می­ تواند در مدیریت زیست­ بومی تالاب ­ها و نوار ساحلی جنوب دریای خزر نقش کاربردی داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Long-term changes in population and diversity of the wintering waterbirds in the wetlands and southern coast of the Caspian Sea

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farhad Hosseini Tayefeh 1
  • Abbas Ashoori 2

1 Research Group of Biodiversity and Biosafety, Research Center for Environment and Sustainable Development (RCESD), Department of Environment, Tehran, iRAN

2 Gilan Provincial Office of Environment, Rasht, Iran

چکیده [English]

In this study, trends in population and species diversity of wintering waterbirds in the south Caspian Sea region, based on mid-winter censuses of waterbirds over a thirty-year period from 1988 to 2017, have been studied. The trends in population and the ecological indicators of biodiversity were respectively calculated using the RTRIM statistical package (TRends and Indices for Monitoring Data in R software) and the software SDR-IV (Species Diversity and Richness). Results showed that the average number of waterbirds in the whole Caspian region for the last thirty years was 947,853±71,073 with a range of 326.281-1.934,226 individuals. The share of Mazandaran province alone was more than the other two provinces during the study period. The total number of waterbirds recorded increased in 2004 and then formed a stable trend. Calculation of the statistical trend of changes over the 30 years in the waterbirds population size of the south Caspian region indicated a slight increase with a slope of 3.3% per year, but over the last ten years, the population has gradually declined, showing a 2.7% decrease over this latter period. The results for species diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener and Simpson D), species richness (Margalf and Minhinick), and species evenness (Pielou and Simpson E) confirmed that high values ​​of species diversity and richness and low values ​​of species evenness indices during the period of 2004-2009 were basically due to the increase in the number of species recorded and conducting more accurate censuses backed by a comprehensive census program and the participation of foreign birdwatchers. The results of this study can play a practical role in informing the ecological management of the wetlands and southern coast of the Caspian Sea.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Waterbirds
  • Population
  • Species diversity index
  • Caspian Sea
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