بررسی اثر پارامترهای فیزیکی آب دریا بر سلامت مرجان‌های توده‌ای خلیج چابهار مبتنی بر پارامترهای اقلیمی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تغییرات اقلیم، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

2 دانشیار اقلیم شناسی، گروه اقلیم شناسی، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه اقلیم شناسی ، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

چکیده

امروزه مرجان‌های دریایی تحت تأثیر تغییر اقلیم و افزایش دمای آب، در معرض پدیدۀ سفیدشدگی‌اند. از طرفی پارامترهای فیزیکی آب دریا از نوسان‌های آب‌و‌هوایی متأثرند. در این پژوهش اثر پارامترهای فیزیکی آب همچون دمای آب، شوری، اسیدیته، هدایت الکتریکی و پارامترهای اقلیمی مانند دمای هوا و سرعت بیشینۀ باد بر سلامت مرجان‌های توده‌ای خلیج چابهار بررسی شد. بدین منظور از داده‌های ثبت‌شده در ایستگاه میدانی آب‌نگاری خلیج چابهار، پایگاه دادۀ مرکز ECMWF و ایستگاه هواشناسی چابهار استفاده شد. داده‌های ده‌سالۀ درجۀ رنگی جلبک‌های همزیست با مرجان‌های توده‌ای نیز به‌عنوان شاخص سلامت مرجان‌ها، به‌صورت ماهانه در طی عملیات غواصی با روش Coral Watch استخراج شد. ارتباط بین متغیرها به‌کمک آزمون همبستگی پیرسون، رگرسیون خطی چندجانبه و تحلیل روند من کندال با استفاده از قابلیت نرم‌افزارهای SPSS وMinitab  بررسی شد. برپایۀ نتایج، شوری و هدایت الکتریکی آب روند کاهشی معنی‌دار، اسیدیتۀ آب روند افزایشی معنی‌دار و دمای آب و سرعت بیشینۀ باد به‌ترتیب روند افزایشی و کاهشی غیرمعنی‌دار نشان دادند؛ اما دمای هوای منطقه، روند افزایشی معنی‌داری را نشان داد. وضعیت سلامت مرجان‌های توده‌ای روند کاهشی معنی‌دار داشت و در پایان سال 2019 (با درجۀ رنگی 3/54 از 6) در طبقه‌بندی «متوسط» قرار گرفت. سلامت مرجان‌های توده‌ای با شوری و EC دارای بیشترین ضریب همبستگی مثبت و با سرعت بیشینۀ باد دارای همبستگی منفی در سطح 0/01 بود. همبستگی معنی‌داری بین سلامت مرجان‌های توده‌ای و دمای آب وجود نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the health of the Chabahar Bay massive corals under the influence of climatic and physical seawater parameters

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammadreza alimoradi 1
  • Mohammad Baaghideh 2
  • Alireza entezari 3
  • Mohsen Hamidianpour 4

1 PHD student of Climate Change, University of Hakim Sabzevari, Sabzevar, Iran,

2 Associate professor of climatology, Department of Climatology, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Hakim Sabzevari, Sabzevar, Iran

3 Associate professor, Department of Climatology, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Hakim Sabzevari, Sabzevar, Iran

4 Assistant professor, Department of physical geography, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Nowadays, corals are exposed to bleaching due to climate change and rising water temperatures. On the other hand, the physical parameters of seawater are per-se affected by climate fluctuations. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of physical water parameters such as water temperature, salinity, acidity, electrical conductivity as well as climatic parameters such as air temperature and maximum wind speed on the health of massive corals in the Chabahar Bay. For this purpose, the data recorded at Chabahar Bay Hydrographic Field Station, the ECMWF Center Database, and Chabahar Meteorological Station were used. Ten-year monthly color data of the algae coexisting with massive corals have been extracted as a coral health indicator during diving operations using the Coral Watch method. The relationship between variables was also investigated through the Pearson correlation test, multivariate linear regression, and Mann-Kendall trend analysis using SPSS and Minitab software. According to the results, salinity and electrical conductivity showed a significant decreasing trend, while water acidity and air temperature showed a significant increasing trend. Meanwhile, water temperature and wind speed maximum showed insignificant increasing and decreasing trends, respectively. As for the health status of massive corals, there was a significant decreasing trend ending in 2019 (with a color score of 3.54 out of 6) set is in the category of "moderate". In addition, the health of mass corals showed the highest positive correlation with salinity and EC while indicating a negative correlation with maximum wind speed with a level of 0.01. On the contrary, there was no significant correlation between bulk corals' health and water temperature.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Physical parameters of seawater
  • The Chabahar Bay
  • Massive corals
Ajdari, D., 2018, Introducing of the new coral carrier transfer device and comparing it with the device (Carrier basket) Iranian Scientific Journal of Fisheries 27(4), 57-66. (in Persian).
Alimoradi, M., Gholamreza, M., Anvari, M.., 2014, Assessing the ecotourism potential of the east coast of Chabahar Bay (using Paralong model), the first national congress on land use planning in the third millennium with emphasis on southeastern Iran, Islamic Azad University of Zahedan (in Persian).
Alimoradi, M., Gholamreza, M., Anvari, M., 2014, The role of Chabahar Bay coral ecosystem in the development of ecotourism in the region using SWOT model, the first national congress on land management in the third millennium with emphasis on southeastern Iran, Islamic Azad University of Zahedan (in Persian).
Aminirad. 2012, Health Status of Coral Reefs in Chabahar Bay, Iran, International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics 2(1).
Aminirad, Teymour, Sanjani, M.S., 2010, Status of Coral reef species at Chabahar bay, Sistan & Baluchestan, Iran, Pakistan journal of Biological Sciences, ISSN 1028-8880,
Behzadi, S., Ramshi, H., Salarpour, A., Darvishi, M., Pour Mozaffar, S., Seidmoradi, S., 2020, Short scientific findings: Investigation of the causes of bleaching of Branching Corals (Acropora spp.) On Hindurabi Island. Iranian Journal of Fisheries 29(3): 191-196 (In Persian).
Birkeland, C., 1997a. Life and Death of Coral Reefs. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 536.
Bolouki Korandeh, M., Baqer, S.M, Nabavi, S., Ghanemi, K., 2018. Quarterly Journal of Oceanography, Ninth Year No. 34 (45 consecutive, summer 2018) (In Persian).
Bolouki Korandeh, M., 2020. Annual Report on Chabahar Coral Health, Marine and Wetlands Deputy of Environment Organization (In Persian).
Castro, P., Michael, E., Huber, H., 2003. Marine Biology, Mcgraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math.
Claereboudt, M.R., 2006. Reef Coral and Coral Reefs of the Gulf of Oman. Pub. The Historical Association of Oman. ISBN 9948-03- 241-1.
CoralWatch. 2008. Online website and database of bleaching observations http://www.coralwatch.org
Ghavam Mostafavi, P., 2006. Ph.D. Thesis in Marine Biology, Molecular Investigation and Identification of Zogsantle symbiotic algae with predominant water-producing corals on Kish Island, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch (In Persian).
Ghavam Mostafavi, P., Fatemi, S.M.R., Shahhosseiny, M.H., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Weng Loh, W.K., 2007. Predominance of clade D Symbiodinium in shallow-water reef-building corals of Kish and Larak Islands (Persian Gulf, Iran). Marine Biology 153, 25-34.
Goreau, T.J., 2014. Electrical Stimulation Greatly Increases Settlement, Growth, Survival, and Stress Resistance of Marine Organisms. Natural Resources 5, 527-537.
Heidari, F., Savari, A., Dehghan Madiseh, S., Nabavi, S.M.B., 2012, Study on effects of environmental factors on biomass of Cnidarians in artificial habitats of Bahrekan (Northwest of Persian Gulf). Journal of Marine Biology 3(4), 23-30 (in Persian).
Hill, J., Wilkinson, C.R., 2004. Method for ecological monitoring of Coral Reefs,” Asturalian Institute of Marine Science, Townsvill Australia 2004, 1-117.
Hubbard, J.A., Pocock Y., 1997. Sediment rejection by re- cent scleractinian corals: a key to paleoenvironment- al reconstruction. Geologische Rundschau 61, 598-626.
Idris, M.H.; Muta Harah, Z.; Arshad, A., 2006. Status of coral reefs species at Patricia Shoals, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia. Journal of Applied Sciences Research 2(10), 816-820.
Jones, R.J., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Larkum, A.W.D., Schreiber, U., 1998.Temperature- induced bleaching of corals begins with impairment of the CO2 fixation mechanism in zooxanthellae. Plant, Cell & Environment 21, 1219-1230.
Kelble, C.R., Johns, E.M., Nuttle. W.K., Lee. T.N., Smith, P.B., Ortner, P.B., 2007. Salinity Patterns of Florida Bay. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 7 (1-2), 318-334.
Komijani, F., Vahid, Ch., Banazade Mahani, M.R., , Sanjani, M.S, 2011, Study of changes physical parameters in Chahbahar Bay water in winter monsoon (2006-2007), Journal of the Earth and Space Physics 37(4), 195-216 (In Persian).
Mo'meni, A., 1996. Principles of Oceanography. Collections of chemical and chemical oceanography. First volume. Shahid Beheshti University Press, 436 pages (In Persian).
Mostafavi, P.G., Fatemi, M.R., Shahhosseiny, M.H., Hoegh_Guldberg, O., Kok Weng Loh, W., 2006. Predominance of Clade D Symbiodinium in shallowwater Reef- Building Corals off Kish and Larak Islands (Persian Gulf, Iran) Marine Biology.
Mousavi, S.H., Shokri, M.R., Danehkar, A., 2013. Investigation of the effect of physical and chemical parameters of water on the distribution of coral reefs in Kish Island. Applied Ecology 2(6).
Reimer, A.A., 1971. Observations on the relationship between several species of tropical zoanthids (Zoanthidae, Coelenterata) and their zooxanthellae. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 7, 207-217.
Sinaei, M., Bolouki, M., 2020. Increasing Coral Biomass Using Biorock Method in Chabahar Bay. Journal of Marine Science and Technology 1(2), 52-56.  (In Persian).
Sorokin, Y.I., 1993. Coral Reef Ecology, Ecological Studies. Springer Verlag Pub., Berlin.
Tehranifard, A., Farhadi, M., Aminirad, T. 2012, Health Status of Coral Reefs in Chabahar Bay, Iran, International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Vol. 2, No. 1, January.