نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

بررسی غلظت فلزات سنگین در برگ سبز چای و خاک‌های سطحی مزارع چای (منطقۀ تحقیق: شهرستان فومن)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‏زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، صومعه‏سرا، ایران

2 کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، صومعه سرا، ایران

3 دکتری شیمی تجزیه، کارشناس مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت و محیط زیست، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

چای از رایج‌ترین نوشیدنی‌ها در جهان است. این نوشیدنی در کشور ما نیز مصرف زیادی دارد؛ بنابراین بررسی فلزات سنگین در برگ سبز چای گذشته از تعیین کیفیت محیط‌ زیست منطقه، از نظر توجه به سلامت عمومی نیز بسیار اهمیت دارد. هدف این تحقیق، تعیین غلظت فلزات سنگین (سرب، کادمیوم، روی، نیکل، کبالت و کروم) در برگ‌های سبز چای و خاک‌های مزارع آنها در شهرستان فومن بود. در این تحقیق از برگ سبز چای و خاک مزارع آنها از پنج ایستگاه نمونه‌برداری شد. هضم نمونه‌ها پس از آماده‌سازی اولیه با استفاده از HCl، HNO3 و H2O2 انجام گرفت. غلظت عناصر سنگین در نمونه‌ها با استفاده از دستگاه ICP-OES آنالیز شد. آزمون‌های آماری مانند آزمون واریانس یکطرفه، آزمون تی، آنالیز مؤلفه‌های اصلی و آنالیز خوشه‌ای با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS انجام گرفت. براساس نتایج این تحقیق، میانگین غلظت عناصر سرب، کادمیوم، روی، نیکل، کبالت و کروم در نمونه‌های خاک به‌ترتیب 3/94، 1/06، 60/29، 22/79، 9/49و 2/77 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم به‌دست آمد. براساس مقدار شاخص بار آلودگی فلزات (1>0) کیفیت خاک منطقه مناسب تعیین شد. در این تحقیق، محدودۀ غلظت عناصر سرب، کادمیوم، روی، نیکل، کبالت و کروم در نمونه‌های برگ سبز چای به‌ترتیب شامل 0/44، 0/08، 22/58، 9/93، 0/23 و 0/36 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم به‌دست آمد. مقایسۀ غلظت عناصر بررسی‌شده، با استانداردهای جهانی نشان داد که غلظت سرب در برگ سبز چای فراتر از حد مجاز WHO/FAO و مقادیر عناصر کادمیوم، روی، نیکل، کبالت و کروم کمتر از استانداردهای WHO/FAO بود. براساس نتایج، تنها غلظت کادمیوم در نمونۀ خاک بیشتر از حد مجاز WHO/FAO بود. بخشی از مقادیر کم غلظت عناصر سنگین در خاک منطقه را می‌توان به آب‌شویی و بخش دیگر را به جذب زیستی عناصر در دیگر اندام‌های بوتۀ چای و گیاهان دیگر در مزارع نسبت داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of the heavy metals concentration in the fresh leaves of tea and the tea fields topsoil (Study area; Fooman County)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Mohammadi Golangesh 1
  • shaghayegh Azimi Rudkenari 2
  • Mohammad Naimi Jubani 3

1 Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Somaye Sara, Iran

2 M.Sc. in Environmental Pollution, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Somaye Sara, Iran

3 Ph.D in Chemical Engineering, Health and Environmental Research Center, Faculty of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

چکیده [English]

Tea is not only known as one of the most common beverages in the world but also as a quite favorable and frequently consumed drink in Iran. Accordingly, studying the fresh tea leaves’ heavy metal content is an area of attention considering the environment quality assessment in addition to the public health issues. The research aimed at determining the concentration of heavy metals including lead, cadmium, zinc, nickel, cobalt, and chromium in the fresh leaves of tea and topsoils of the tea fields in Fouman County, Guilan, Iran. To do so, tea fresh leaves and respective topsoils were sampled at 5 sampling sites. After initial preparation, digestion of the taken samples was performed using HCl, HNO3, and H2O2 reagents. The concentration of heavy elements in the samples was determined by inductively coupled plasma (ICP). There have also been statistical tests such as one-way analysis of variance, T-test, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) performed using the SPSS software. Based on the results, the average concentrations of lead, cadmium, zinc, nickel, cobalt, and chromium in soil samples were obtained 3.94, 1.06, 60.29, 22.79, 9.49, and 2.77, mg/kg, respectively. According to the metal pollution load index (0<1), the soil quality of the study area was identified at an acceptable level. The levels of lead, cadmium, zinc, nickel, cobalt, and chromium in fresh leaves were obtained 0.44, 0.08, 22.58, 9.93, 0.23, and 0.36 mg/kg, respectively. Compared to the international standards (WHO / FAO), the amount of lead in fresh leaves was higher than permissible levels. By contrast, the amounts of cadmium, zinc, nickel, cobalt, and chromium were at acceptable values. As for soil samples, only the concentration of cadmium was higher than admissible levels based on the given standards. As such, the leaching process and biological uptake (happened by the rest of the flora) should have a part to play justifying the former results.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pollution
  • Guilan province
  • Fresh leaves of tea
  • Heavy metals
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 74، شماره 2
شهریور 1400
صفحه 278-290