نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

ارزیابی و مدل‌سازی مطلوبیت زیستگاه پلنگ ایرانی (Panthera pardus saxicolor) در منطقۀ گیسکان استان بوشهر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد محیط زیست، اداره کل حفاظت محیط زیست استان بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران

2 استادیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

3 استادیار دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران

چکیده

پلنگ ایرانی Panthera pardus saxicolor گونه‌ای پرچمدار است که در رأس هرم غذایی جای دارد. تخریب زیستگاه و کاهش طعمه‌های جمعیت این گونه به‌ویژه در سال‌های اخیر، ارزیابی و حفاظت زیستگاه‌های پلنگ ایرانی را ضرورت بخشیده است. در این پژوهش، مدل‌سازی مطلوبیت زیستگاه پلنگ ایرانی در منطقۀ گیسکان استان بوشهر به کمک نرم‌افزار QGIS و با استفاده از داده‌های حضور و همچنین مدل خطی تعمیم‌یافته (GLM) با توزیع دوجمله‌ای منفی در نرم‌افزار R برپایۀ داده‌های حضور/ عدم حضور انجام گرفت. در نرم‌افزار QGIS با استفاده از نقشۀ توپوگرافی، نقشه‌های طبقات ارتفاعی، شیب و جهت جغرافیایی و نیز نقشۀ موقعیت مکانی روستاها و مناطق مسکونی، نقشۀ پیوستۀ پراکنش جمعیت تهیه شد. سپس مختصات جغرافیایی نقاط حضور براساس برداشت‌های میدانی در نرم‌افزار ثبت شد و دیگر لایه‌های لازم نیز پس از استخراج و تطبیق با مشاهدات عینی تهیه شد و هر کدام از لایه‌ها به کلاس‌های مختلف تقسیم‌ و رستری شدند. سپس اعتبارسنجی مدل انجام گرفت و نقشۀ نهایی مطلوبیت زیستگاه پلنگ ایرانی تهیه شد. در مدل خطی تعمیم‌یافته، ابتدا مدل با همۀ متغیرهای مستقل اجرا شد و سپس در مراحل مختلف، متغیرهای دارای کمترین تأثیر معنی‌دار بر حضور/ عدم حضور پلنگ در منطقه حذف شدند تا مدل نهایی با اثر متغیرهای معنی‌دار در حضور/ عدم حضور پلنگ مشخص شود.نتایج نشان داد که مطلوب‌ترین قطعات زیستگاهی پلنگ ایرانی در سراسر منطقه پراکنده است. با توجه به کاهش شدید طعمه‌های پلنگ در منطقۀ گیسکان و وفور گله‌های دام‌های خانگی به‌خصوص بز در مراتع این منطقه یا در فواصل نزدیک‌تر به منابع آبی با توجه به موقعیت گرم و خشک منطقه و نیاز آبی زیاد زیستمندان آن، مطلوبیت زیستگاه افزایش می‌یابد. افزون‌بر آن، زیستگاه‌ها در جهت‌های شمالی، ارتفاع بیش از 1000 متر، شیب 65-30 درصد و فاصلۀ تا 1000 متر از جاده و فاصلۀ 1000 تا 2500 متری سکونتگاه‌های روستایی نیز بیشترین مطلوبیت را داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation and modelling of the Persian Leopard’s (Panthera pardus saxicolor) habitat suitability in the Gisakan area, Bushehr Province, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sadegh Poursalem 1
  • Seyed Mehdi Amininasab 2
  • Hossein Madadi 3
  • Hossein Delshab 1

1 M.Sc. graduated, Bushehr Provincial Office of the Department of Environment (DOE), Bushehr, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Being at the top of the food pyramid, as a pioneer species, has led the Persian leopard (Panthera pardus saxicolor) to expose habitat degradation and prey reduction, in the recent years, in particular, necessitating the development of habitat conservation plans. In this study, habitat suitability modeling of the Persian Leopard was conducted using QGIS with only presence data as well as general linear model (GLM) with presence/absence data based on the binomial distribution, run in the R software. In QGIS, using topography, DEM, slope, and aspect maps as well as villages maps, the continuous population distribution map was delineated. The presence points, derived from field-working, were then inserted, and other mandatory layers were also collected and geo-rectified, where applicable. Afterward, each one of the layers was categorized and rasterized. Following the validation, the final suitability map of the Persian leopard was performed. In the GLM, simulations were generated using a full model with all variables and a leave-one-out procedure, gradually dropping the least contributing variable to form a minimal model. The results showed throughout the area, the most suitable habitats are scattered. Considering the substantial reduction in the preys population in Gisakan alongside the abundance of livestock, goats specifically, habitat suitability is largely increased near the rangelands and water resources. Furthermore, the habitats placed in northern aspects with > 1000 m height, slopes of 30-65%, 0 to 1000 meters distance to the roads, and 1000 to 2500 meters distance to the villages, showed higher suitability.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bushehr
  • Persian Leopard
  • Gisakan
  • Habitat suitability
  • GLM Model
  • QGIS
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 74، شماره 2
شهریور 1400
صفحه 264-277