نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

ارزیابی روند تغییرات مقدار آب و نمک دریاچۀ ارومیه با پردازش شیءگرای تصاویر ماهوارۀ لندست

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی مرند، دانشگاه تبریز، ایران

2 گروه سنجش از دور و GIS، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی، دانشگاه تبریز، ایران

3 گروه سنجش از دور و GIS ، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

در سال‌های گذشته تحت تأثیر عوامل مختلف، سطح آب دریاچۀ ارومیه کاهش چشمگیری یافته و در پی آن، پدیدار شدن پهنه‌های نمکی، موجب عواقب زیانباری شده که بررسی آن را ضرورت بخشیده است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی میزان خشک‌شدگی آب دریاچۀ ارومیه و افزایش نمک انجام گرفت. برای این منظور از تصاویر ماهوارۀ لندست در طی دوره‌های زمانی مختلف (1998 تا 2019) استفاده شد. برای پردازش و شناسایی مقدار نمک مرطوب و مخلوط با خاک و میزان پسروی آب، از روش پردازش شی‌ءگرا استفاده شد. مقیاس 15 برای تصاویر لندست 5 و 7 و مقیاس 150 برای قطعه‌بندی تصاویر لندست 8 به‌کار برده شد و انواع مختلف شاخص‌ شوری، روشنایی و پوشش گیاهی روی تصاویر اعمال شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که تغییرات سالانۀ سطح آب دریاچه و همچنین تغییرات نمک مرطوب و مخلوط با خاک در مقیاس سالانه چشمگیر است. وسعت پهنۀ آبی دریاچه در دورۀ 1998 تا 2015، 74/32 درصد کاهش داشت و از 5722/83 به 687/718 کیلومتر مربع رسید و مقدار نمک مرطوب و مخلوط با خاک 30/38درصد افزایش یافت. از سال 2015 به بعد به‌دلیل افزایش بارش و اقدامات پیشگیرانه برای احیای دریاچه این روند معکوس شده و وسعت پهنه‌های آبی 3502/267 کیلومتر مربع افزایش و میزان شوری 20/198 درصد کاهش یافته است. دقت کلی 0/94 و ضریب کاپای 0/92 برای طبقه‌بندی تصاویر حاکی از توانایی زیاد پردازش شیء‌گرا در طبقه‌بندی پدیده‌های سطح زمین و دقت نتایج است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of trend in salt and water changes in the Urmia lake by object-oriented image analysis using satellite imagery

نویسندگان [English]

  • leila malekani 1
  • Keivan Mohammadzadeh 2
  • Maryam Maleki 3

1 َAsistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technical and Engineering of Marand, University of Tabriz, Iran

2 Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography and Planning, University of Tabriz, Iran

3 Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography and Planning, University of Tabriz, Iran

چکیده [English]

During the past years, under the influence of various factors, the surrounding area of Urmia Lake has been subjected to significant changes followed by emerging saline cores leading to some damaging consequences making this study of importance. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the dryness scale resulting in the high levels of saltiness in Urmia Lake. To this purpose, Landsat satellite images were used during different periods of time, 1998 to 2019. The object-oriented approach has been used to process and identify the amount of wet salt mixed with soil and the degree of water receding. Accordingly, the segmentation was accomplished based on scale 15 for Landsat 5/7 images and Scale 150 for Landsat 8 images, having also different types of indices (salinity, brightness, and vegetation) applied to all the images.The results showed that annual changes in the water level of the Lake and wet salt mixed with soil have been considerable. During the years 1998 to 2015, the water bodies' coverage fell up to 32.74 percent shrinking from 5722.83 to 687.718 square kilometers while the wet salt mixed with soil has increased by 30.38 percent. From 2015 onward, due to increased rainfall and preventive measures set to revive the lake, this trend has been reversed resulting in water bodies' coverage increasing by 3502.267 square kilometers and salinity has simultaneously gone at 20.198 percent. The overall accuracy of 0.94 and kappa coefficient of 0.92 were obtained for classification results implying the capability of object-oriented processing in the classification of the surface features using the Landsat imagery.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Object-oriented processing
  • Water bodies
  • the Urmia lake
  • Salinity
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 74، شماره 2
شهریور 1400
صفحه 224-236