نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

ارزیابی پایداری توسعه شهری و محاسبه ظرفیت زیستی شهر بیرجند با روش ردپای اکولوژیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد،گروه محیط زیست، ازیابی و آمایش سرزمین، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه بیرجند، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه بیرجند، ایران

3 استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

در چند دهه گذشته مصرف بی­رویه منابع طبیعی، رشد شتابان شهرنشینی و گسترش فعالیت­های صنعتی سبب تخریب محیط­زیست و ناپایداری جوامع شهری شده است. پدیده توسعه پایدار برای حفاظت از منابع طبیعی به عنوان میراث جمعی بشریت معرفی می­شود. شاخص ردپای اکولوژیکی مبنایی برای ارتبـاط بـین انسـان و طبیعـت اسـت. وقتـی کـه ردپـای جمعیت منطقه­ای از مقدار توان طبیعی محیطش برای تامین منابع مورد نیاز بیشـتر گـردد، جامعـه بـه سمت ناپایداری پیش می­رود. بنابراین ردپای اکولوژیکی یک ابزار ارزیابی مناسب، جهت حفظ محـیط زیست و توسعه پایدار می­باشـد. در این پژوهش با استفاده از شاخص ردپای اکولوژیکی به پایداری توسعه شهر بیرجند در سال 1397 پرداخته شده است. ردپای اکولوژیکی در بخش مصرف در پنج بخش شامل: مسکن، حمل­و­نقل، خدمات و کالا مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت و سپس بعد از محاسبه­ی رد­پا، ظرفیت زیستی برای شهر بیرجند محاسبه شد. برای پی­بردن به پایداری یا ناپایداری در شهر بیرجند، ظرفیـت زیسـتی و ردپای اکولوژیک با یکدیگر مقایسه شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که سرانه­ی ردپای اکولوژیکی شهر بیرجند، برای بخش­های مسکن، حمل­و­نقل، خدمات، کالا و غذا 0/56 هکتار جهانی است که کمتر از سرانه­ی ردپای ملی (2/7 هکتار جهانی) می­باشد. سرانه­ی ظرفیت زیستی برای شهر بیرجند 0/77 هکتار جهانی به­دست آمد که با مقایسه ردپای اکولوژیکی و تفاوت بین این دو نشان­دهنده­ی مازاد اکولوژیکی شهر بیرجند است و شهر در حالت پایداری به سر می­برد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the sustainability of urban development and calculating the biological capacity of Birjand city using the ecological footprint method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somayeh Moodi 1
  • Saeed Ahmadizadeh 2
  • Elham Yousefi 3

1 Master, Environmental Sciences Department, Land Reclamation and Planning, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

چکیده [English]

In the past few decades, the excessive consumption of natural resources, the rapid growth of urbanization, and the expansion of industrial activities have led to the destruction of the environment and the instability of urban communities. The phenomenon of sustainable development for the protection of natural resources is considered a collective heritage of humanity. The ecological footprint index is a basis for the relationship between man and nature. If the natural capacity exceeds, society will move towards instability. Therefore, the ecological footprint is an appropriate assessment tool to preserve the environment in the way to reach sustainable development. In this research, using the ecological footprint index, the sustainability of Birjand city development in 1397 has been studied. The ecological footprint of the consumption sector was assessed in five sections including housing, transportation, services, food, and goods, and after calculating the footprint, the biological capacity for the city of Birjand was calculated. To find out the stability or instability in Birjand city, bio-capacity and ecological footprint were compared. The results of this study showed that the ecological footprint per capita of Birjand for all the sections is 0.56 hectares, which is less than the national footprint (2.7 hectares). In the meantime, The biological capacity per capita for the city of Birjand was 0.77 hectares indicating the city is in a stable state.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ecological footprint
  • Biological capacity
  • Sustainability
  • Urban development
  • Birjand
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 74، شماره 3
آذر 1400
صفحه 435-450