نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

بررسی تأثیر تغییرات کاربری اراضی بر دمای سطح زمین در مناطق سرد و نیمه خشک (مطالعه موردی: بخش مرکزی شهرستان سنندج)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

امروزه جوامع مختلف با ازدیاد جمعیت و گسترش شهرنشینی مواجه‌‌اند. تغییرات کاربری اراضی یکی از پدیده‌هایی است که در دنیا اهمیت زیادی داشته و محیط ‌زیست را به ‌شدت تحت تأثیر قرار داده است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر تغییر کاربری اراضی بر دمای سطح زمین در بخش مرکزی شهرستان سنندج است. با استفاده از روش طبقه‌بندی نظارت شده - الگوریتم حداکثر احتمال، نقشه کاربری اراضی به پنج طبقه کشاورزی، بایر، شهری، پوشش گیاهی و آب طبقه‌بندی شد. دمای سطح زمین در یک بازه زمانی 19 ساله با استفاده از الگوریتم سبال مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج به دست آمده از تجزیه و تحلیل کاربری اراضی در محدوده مورد مطالعه نشان داد که مناطق شهری، اراضی کشاورزی و پوشش‌های گیاهی و آبی طی سال‌های 2000 تا 2019 روند افزایشی و اراضی بایر روند کاهشی داشته است. حداقل میزان دمای سطح زمین در سال‌های 2000 و 2019 به ترتیب از 15/6 درجه سانتی-گراد به 26/5 درجه سانتی‌گراد رسیده است. همچنین در طول دوره 19 ساله حداکثر دما از 22/49 درجه سانتی‌گراد به 39/51 درجه سانتی‌گراد افزایش یافته است. بیشترین دمای سطحی در هر دو سال مذکور متعلق به اراضی بایر بوده است. پوشش‌های گیاهی و آب در سال‌های مورد مطالعه کمترین دمای سطحی را به خود اختصاص داده‌اند. بر خلاف شهرهای مدیترانه‌ای و گرمسیری که جزایر حرارت شهری را تجربه می‌کنند، شهر سنندج با اقلیم سرد و نیمه‌ خشک جزایر خنک شهری را تجربه می‌کند. جزایر خنک شهری ناشی از احاطه مناطق شهری با اراضی بایر با دمای سطحی زیاد است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of land use changes on land surface temperature in cold and semi-arid areas (Case study: Central Zone of Sanandaj City)

نویسندگان [English]

  • mahin saedpanah
  • Jamil Amanoallahi
  • Farshid Ghorbani

Department of Environment Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Nowadays, different societies are facing increasing population and extensive urbanization. Land use changes is one of the phenomena that is very important in the world and has significantly impact on the environment. The purpose of this research is investigating the effect of land use change on land surface temperature in the central zone of Sanandaj city. Using supervised classification method, maximum likelihood algorithm, the land use map was classified into five categories agriculture, bare, urban, vegetation, and water. The land surface temperature examined using Sebal algorithm in a period of 19 years. The obtained results from land use analysis in the study area revealed that urban, agriculture, vegetation and water areas show an increasing trend but bare lands show a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2019. Minimum land surface temperature arrived to 6.15 ºC and 5.26 ºC in 2000 and 2019, respectively. Also, maximum temperature increased from 49.22 ºC to 51.39 ºC in this 19 years period. The highest surface temperature in both mentioned years were obtained in bare lands. Vegetation and water areas have the lowest surface temperature in this period. Unlike Mediterranean and tropical cities which experience the urban heat island, Sanandaj city, with cold and semi-arid climate, experienced the urban cool island. Urban cool island is due to the surrounding urban areas with bare lands with high surface temperature.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Urban Heat Islands
  • Land Surface Temperature
  • Land Use
  • Landsat Images
  • Cold and Semi-arid areas
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 74، شماره 1
خرداد 1400
صفحه 69-82