نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

پایش تغییرات و رتبه‌بندی عوامل تهدید کننده تالاب میانگران، استان خوزستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه صنهعتی اصفهان

2 دانشکده منابع طبیعی

3 دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

چکیده

تالاب‌ها اکوسیستم‌های ارزشمندی هستند که خدمات محیط‌زیستی متعددی مانند ذخیره و تأمین آب، مهار فرسایش، کنترل سیلاب و حفظ تنوع‌زیستی را ارائه می‌دهند. پرندگان مهاجر آبزی و کنار‌آبزی از جمله گونه‌های وابسته به تالاب هستند که بقای آنها به حیات تالاب‌ها بستگی دارد. شرایط بوم‌شناختی و کیفیت آب تالاب به ویژگی‌های محیط پیرامونی آن از جمله نوع و نسبت کاربری‌‌ها مرتبط است. تالاب میانگران یکی از تالاب‌های ارزشمند کشور است که در استان خوزستان واقع شده است. این پژوهش با هدف پایش تغییرات کاربری و پوشش اراضی تالاب میانگران در بازه زمانی 30 ساله و رتبه‌بندی عوامل تخریب این تالاب انجام شد. برای ارزیابی تغییرات کاربری و پوشش اراضی تالاب میانگران از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای سال‌های 1990، 2000 و2010 و 2018 استفاده شد. پنج طبقه کاربری اراضی شامل کاربری شهری، کاربری کشاورزی، تالاب، رخنمون سنگی و جنگل با استفاده از طبقه‌بندی نظارت‌شده تشخیص داده‌ شد. عوامل تخریب در طی عملیات میدانی و گزارش‌های موجود شناسایی و برای رتبه‌بندی عوامل تخریب تالاب از فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی استفاده شد. بدین منظور پرسشنامه‌ای شامل ماتریس مقایسه زوجی عوامل تخریب تالاب تهیه و توسط 20 نفر از کارشناسان محیط‌زیست در استان خوزستان تکمیل شد. نتایج حاصل با استفاده از نرم افزار Expert Choice تحلیل شد. نتایج حاصل از آشکار‌سازی تغییرات نشان داد که از سال 1990 تا 2018 وسعت آب تالاب 80 درصد کاهش داشته و اراضی کشاورزی و مناطق شهری 40 درصد افزایش یافته است. رتبه‌بندی عوامل تخریب در تالاب نشان داد که سه عامل: ورود فاضلاب شهری (35/0)، توسعه در بخش کشاورزی (16/0) و خشکسالی (15/0) بیش‌ترین وزن را به خود اختصاص داده اند. بدون تردید شناخت درست و دقیق روند تغییرات یک تالاب و عوامل تهدید‌کننده آن، براساس اهمیت و میزان تأثیرگذاری آن‌ها، می‌تواند زمینه را برای جلوگیری و مقابله اصولی با این عوامل و نیز تهیه و اجرای دقیق طرح‌های حفاظت از تالاب‌ فراهم آورد

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Monitoring changes and ranking threat factors of Miangharan wetland, Khuzestan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rogaiyeh Salarpour 1
  • mansoureh malekian 2
  • omid ghadirian 3

1 IUT

2

3 IUT

چکیده [English]

Wetlands are valuable ecosystems that provide a variety of environmental services such as water storage and supply, erosion and flood control, and biodiversity conservation. Migratory birds including waterfowls and shorebirds are among wetland-dependent species whose survival depends on wetlands. Ecological conditions and water quality of a wetland depend on the characteristics of its surrounding environment, including the type and ratio of land use and land covers. Miangharan wetland is one of the valuable wetlands in Iran, located in the southwest of the country in Khuzestan province. The current study was conducted to monitor land cover changes in Miangharan wetland over a period of 30 years and to rank destructing factors of this wetland. Satellite images were utilized from the mid-winter of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018 and land use maps of different years were produced and analyzed. Five land use classes including urban area, agricultural area, wetland, rocky outcrop and forests were identified using supervised classification. Destruction factors were identified through field observation and reports. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to rank the destruction factors of the wetland. A questionnaire was designed and completed by 20 environmental experts in Khuzestan province and analyzed, using Expert Choice software. Result showed that the wetland area has been decreased up to 80% from 1990 to 2018 and agricultural and urban areas have increased by 40%. Based on the results, the highest calculated weights were related to three threatening factors including sewage inflow (0.35), agricultural activities near the wetland (0.16) and natural drought (0.15). A correct and accurate understanding of the process of changes in a wetland and its threatening factors, provide a basis for preventing and dealing with these factors, as well as the prevention and accurate implementation of wetland conservation plans.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Remote sensing
  • Land use change
  • Migratory birds
  • Drought
  • Analytic hierarchy process
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 74، شماره 1
خرداد 1400
صفحه 83-95