حذف نیترات از آب و پساب توسط گیاهان آبزی (Myriophyllum spicatum) و (Ruppia maritima)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)

2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اصفهان(خوراسگان)

3 دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی اصفهان

چکیده

روش‌‌های متعددی برای حذف نیترات وجود دارد که اغلب بسیار هزینه‌‌بر هستند. استفاده از گیاهان آبزی به دلیل هزینه کم و سازگاری با محیط زیست، سال‌‌هاست که توجه محققان را به خود جلب نموده است. به منظور استفاده از دو نوع گیاه Myriophyllum spicatum و Ruppia maritima در حذف نیترات، آزمایشی در سه تیمار و سه تکرار با جریان بسته در آکواریوم طراحی شد. نیازهای زیستی لازم برای رشد گیاهان مورد مطالعه در آکواریوم فراهم شد. زمان ماند، یک ماه در نظر گرفته شد و تغییرات نیترات هر سه روز یکبار و در کل، 10 بار توسط دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتر مدل Unic 2100 ثبت گردید. در کلیه تیمارها به جز دوره زمانی 6، تفاوت معنی دار در میزان جذب نیترات بین گیاهان مورد مطالعه وجود دارد. در پایان روز 30، شاخص درصد حذف M. spicatum، 13/87 و R.maritima، 53/92 بدست آمد. وزن خشک R.maritima در پایان آزمایش افزایش معنی دار داشته که نشان دهنده قابلیت آن در استفاده از نیترات به عنوان ماده مغذی می‌باشد. تفاوت معنی دار میانگین نیترات در نمونه ها با نمونه شاهد طی دوره های زمانی مختلف، بیانگر وجود عاملی به جز تجزیه باکتریایی یعنی حضور گیاهان در این مطالعه است. بر اساس نتایج، این ماکروفیت ها به عنوان یک گزینه مناسب برای کاهش بار نیترات و مواد آلی در آب های آلوده هستند. لازم به ذکر است که لازمه بهبود کیفیت آب و نگهداری از سطح کیفی بدست آمده، کنترل این ماکروفیت ها است تا از بازگشت مواد مغذی موجود در بافت آنها به محیط طی فرآیند تجزیه جلوگیری به عمل آید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Nitrate Removal from Water and Wastewater by Myriophyllum spicatum and Ruppia maritima

نویسندگان [English]

  • Morteza Dorri 1
  • Atefeh Chamani 2
  • Mohsen Nourouzi 3

1 Environmental sciences Department, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran.

2 Environmental sciences Department, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran.

3 Environmental sciences Department, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

There are several methods for nitrate removal that are often very costly. The use of aquatic plants due to its low cost and environmental compatibility has attracted the attention of researchers for many years. To use two species of Myriophyllum spicatum and Ruppia maritima in nitrate removal, an experiment was conducted in three treatments and three replications with closed flow. After 2 months of in vitro test, a 30-day retention time was considered for the study. The results showed that there was a significant difference in nitrate uptake in all treatments except period 6. After 30 days, the uptake index of Myriophyllum spicatum was 87.13 and Ruppia maritima was 92.53. Dry weight of Ruppia maritima was significantly increased at the end of experiment, while it was not significant for Myriophyllum spicatum. The significant difference between the mean nitrate in the samples and the control sample during different time indicates the existence of a factor other than bacterial decomposition, which is the presence of plants in this study. Based on the results, these macrophytes are a suitable option to reduce the load of nitrates and organic matter in contaminated water. It should be noted that the need to improve water quality and maintain the quality level is to control these macrophytes to prevent the return of nutrients in their tissue to the environment during the decomposition process.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agricultural wastewater
  • Aquatic Plants
  • Myriophyllum spicatum
  • Nitrate
  • Ruppia maritima
Amjadi, R., Ghourchian, H., Moosavi-Movahedi, A. A. Banaie, A., 2015. Aggregation of adult and fetal hemoglobin by ingested nitrate anions. Progress in Biological Sciences, 5, 261-271.
Boorgheie, M. Noorbakhsh, M., 2002. Investigation of the Isfahan refinery waste water treatability. Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology, 8,15-24.
Chang, H.-Q., Yang, X.-E., Fang, Y.-Y., Pu, P.-M., Li, Z.-K. Rengel, Z., 2006. In-situ nitrogen removal from the eutrophic water by microbial-plant integrated system. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 7,521-531.
Ciria, M., Solano, M. Soriano, P., 2005. Role of macrophyte Typha latifolia in a constructed wetland for wastewater treatment and assessment of its potential as a biomass fuel. Biosystems Engineering, 92,535-544.
Fu, X. He, X. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from contaminated water by five aquatic plants.  2015 International Conference on Mechatronics, Electronic, Industrial and Control Engineering (MEIC-15), 2015. Atlantis Press.
Ghafari, S., Hasan, M. Aroua, M. K., 2008. Bio-electrochemical removal of nitrate from water and wastewater.A review. Bioresource Technology, 99, 3965-3974.
Gharanjik, B., 2017. First report of Ruppia maritima in coastal waters of the Caspian Sea (Golestan Province). Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 26,183-188.
Keskinkan, O., Goksu, M., Yuceer, A. Basibuyuk, M., 2007. Comparison of the adsorption capabilities of Myriophyllum spicatum and Ceratophyllum demersum for zinc, copper and lead. Engineering in Life Sciences, 7,192-196.
Keskinkan, O., Goksu, M., Yuceer, A., Basibuyuk, M. Forster, C., 2003. Heavy metal adsorption characteristics of a submerged aquatic plant (Myriophyllum spicatum). Process Biochemistry, 39,179-183.
Knauer, K., Mohr, S. and Feiler, U., 2008. Comparing growth development of Myriophyllum spp. in laboratory and field experiments for ecotoxicological testing. Environmental Science and Pollution Research-International, 15(4), p.322.
Kulasekaran, A., Gopal, A. John Alexander, J., A study on the removal efficiency of organic load and some nutrients from sewage by Ceratophyllum Demersum-L.
Lesage, E., Mundia, C., Rousseau, D., Van De Moortel, A., Du Laing, G., Meers, E., Tack, F., De Pauw, N. Verloo, M., 2007. Sorption of Co, Cu, Ni and Zn from industrial effluents by the submerged aquatic macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum L. Ecological Engineering, 30,320-325.
Li, J., Yang, X., Wang, Z., Shan, Y. Zheng, Z., 2015. Comparison of four aquatic plant treatment systems for nutrient removal from eutrophied water. Bioresource technology, 179,1-7.
Martin, G. Coetzee, J., 2014. Competition between two aquatic macrophytes, Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss (Hydrocharitaceae) and Myriophyllum spicatum Linnaeus (Haloragaceae) as influenced by substrate sediment and nutrients. Aquatic Botany, 114,1-11.
Milojković, J. V., Mihajlović, M. L., Stojanović, M. D., Lopičić, Z. R., Petrović, M. S., Šoštarić, T. D. Ristić, M. Đ., 2014. Pb (II) removal from aqueous solution by Myriophyllum spicatum and its compost: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 89,662-670.
Mustafa, H.M. and Hayder, G., 2020. Recent studies on applications of aquatic weed plants in phytoremediation of wastewater: A review article. Ain Shams Engineering Journal.
Parnian, A., Chorom, M., Jaafarzadeh Haghighi Fard, N. , 2017. Boron removal from contaminated water by two aquatic plants of Zannichellia palustris L. and Ruppia maritima L. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 19,439-450.
Prosnansky, M., Sakakibara, Y. Kuroda, M., 2002. High-rate denitrification and SS rejection by biofilm-electrode reactor (BER) combined with microfiltration. Water Research, 36,4801-4810.
Saleh, H.M., Moussa, H.R., Mahmoud, H.H., El-Saied, F.A., Dawoud, M. and Wahed, R.S.A., 2020. Potential of the submerged plant Myriophyllum spicatum for treatment of aquatic environments contaminated with stable or radioactive cobalt and cesium. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 118, p.103147.
Salehzadeh, M. Rezaie, H., 2017. Performance Removal Nitrate and Phosphate from Treated Municipal Wastewater Using Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia Aquatic Plants. Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 47.3,59-67.
Samimi, L. S., Abbaspour, A., Ghasemzadeh, G. M. Semsar, H., 2013. Role of Typha latifolia aquatic plant in nitrogen and phosphorus removal from treated municipal waste water. Journal of water and soil conservation (Journal of agricultural sciences and natural resources), 20,99-114.
Shrimali, M. Singh, K., 2001. New methods of nitrate removal from water. Environmental pollution, 112,351-359.
Souza, F., A., Dziedzic, M., Cubas, S. A. Maranho, L. T., 2013. Restoration of polluted waters by phytoremediation using Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc., Haloragaceae. Journal of Environmental Management, 120,5-9.
Strazisar, T., Koch, M. S. Madden, C. J., 2015. Seagrass (Ruppia maritima L.) life history transitions in response to salinity dynamics along the Everglades-Florida Bay ecotone. Estuaries and coasts, 38,337-352.
Sumino, T., Isaka, K., Ikuta, H., Saiki, Y. Yokota, T., 2006. Nitrogen removal from wastewater using simultaneous nitrate reduction and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in single reactor. Journal of bioscience and bioengineering, 102,346-351.
Sun, H., Liu, F., Xu, S., Wu, S., Zhuang, G., Deng, Y., Wu, J. Zhuang, X., 2017. Myriophyllum aquaticum constructed wetland effectively removes nitrogen in swine wastewater. Frontiers in microbiology, 8,1932.
Szekeres, S., Kiss, I., Bejerano, T. T. Soares, M. I. M., 2001. Hydrogen-dependent denitrification in a two-reactor bio-electrochemical system. Water Research, 35,715-719.
Tang, X., Huang, S., Scholz, M. Li, J., 2009. Nutrient removal in pilot-scale constructed wetlands treating eutrophic river water: assessment of plants, intermittent artificial aeration and polyhedron hollow polypropylene balls. Water, air, and soil pollution, 197,61.
Tsai, H.-H., Ravindran, V., Williams, M. D. Pirbazari, M., 2004. Forecasting the performance of membrane bioreactor process for groundwater denitrification. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 3,507-521.
Vymazal, J., 2007. Removal of nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands. Science of the total environment, 380,48-65.
Wang, J. Chu, L., 2016. Biological nitrate removal from water and wastewater by solid-phase denitrification process. Biotechnology advances, 34,1103-1112.
Werker, A., Dougherty, J., Mchenry, J. Van Loon, W., 2002. Treatment variability for wetland wastewater treatment design in cold climates. Ecological Engineering, 19,1-11.
Yan, C., Li, G., Xue, P., Wei, Q. Li, Q., 2010. Competitive effect of Cu (II) and Zn (II) on the biosorption of lead (II) by Myriophyllum spicatum. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 179,721-728.
Zimmo, O., Van Der Steen, N. Gijzen, H., 2004. Nitrogen mass balance across pilot-scale algae and duckweed-based wastewater stabilisation ponds. Water Research,  38,913-920.