نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

جذب رقابتی فلزات سنگین (مس، سرب، کادمیوم و نیکل) به‌وسیله بخش رس خاک‌های اطراف کارخانه سیمان ایلام

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام

2 دانش آموخته گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام

3 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

چکیده

آلودگی خاک و تجمع فلزات سنگین در آن بویژه در مناطق صنعتی یکی از مهم‌ترین مسائل زیست محیطی است که زندگی گیاهان، حیوانات و انسان را تهدید می‌نماید. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی جذب فلزات سنگین مس، سرب، کادمیوم و نیکل توسط بخش رس خاک‌های اطراف کارخانه سیمان ایلام بوده است. با بررسی نقشه‌های توپوگرافی، زمین‌شناسی، تصاویر ماهواره‌ای و بازدیدهای صحرایی، محل حفر خاکرخ‌ها در منطقه مورد مطالعه تعیین و تعداد 5 خاکرخ در اراضی با کاربری‌های کشاورزی دیم، جنگل و مرتع حفر شد. نمونه‌ خاک از افق‌های سطحی و زیرسطحی خاکرخ‌ها و همچنین از گردوغبار خروجی کارخانه در ماه‌های مختلف برداشته و توسط دستگاه جذب اتمی مقدار فلزات سنگین آن اندازه‌گیری شد. کانی‌شناسی رسی نمونه‌های خاک به روش تفرق اشعه ایکس (XRD) انجام شد. برای جداسازی بخش رس از سری الک‌های استاندارد استفاده شد. نمونه‌های رس و محلول‌ مخلوط چند فلزی در سه تکرار (21 نمونه)، که در 7 غلظت‌ متفاوت از نمک‌های نیترات مس، سرب، کادمیوم و نیکل ساخته شده بودند انجام شد. نتایج کانی‌شناسی نشان داد که که ورمی‌کولیت، ایلایت، کائولینیت و کلریت در بخش رس ریز و کائولینیت، ایلایت و کلریت در بخش رس درشت اجزای اصلی کانی‌های رسی را تشکیل می‌دهند. مقدار فلزات سنگین در نمونه خاک‌های اطراف کارخانه و همچنین در گردوغبار خروجی کارخانه کمتر از مقدار استاندارد جهانی بود، بنابراین می‌توان گفت که کارخانه سیمان ایلام در آلودگی منطقه تأثیر بسزائی نداشته است. نتایج جذب رقابتی نشان داد که در تمامی غلظت‌ها مقدار جذب سطحی فلز مس توسط بخش رس، زیاد ولی نیکل، کم می‌باشد اما در غلظت-های بالا (80 و 100 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) مقدار جذب سطحی فلزات کادمیوم و سرب کاهش شدیدی را نشان داد. به طور کلی ترتیب مقدار جذب سطحی فلزات سنگین موردمطالعه عبارت است از: مس> سرب> کادمیوم> نیکل.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Competitive Sorption of Cu, Pb, Cd, and Ni on Soil Clay Minerals adjacent to the Cement Factory Ilam city

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahmood Rostaminia 1
  • Ali Chabok 2
  • Mehran Shirvani 3
  • Masoud Bazgir 1

1 Assistant Professor Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University

2 Graduated from Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University

3 Associate Professor Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology

چکیده [English]

Soil pollution and accumulation of heavy metals is one of the most important environmental issues threatening plants, animals and humans being. The aim of this research is to study the sorption of heavy metals of copper, lead, nickel and cadmium by soil clay particles around Ilam cement factory. This research was carried out based on the topographic maps, field examinations and satellite images of the Earth, and 5 soil profiles were drilled in the agricultural land, forest and pasture. Soil samples were taken from the surface and subsurface horizons of the profiles, as well as from the factory's output dust in different months, and the amount of heavy metals was measured by the atomic absorption spectroscopy. Clay mineralogy was studies using x-ray diffraction method (XRD). In order to separate the clay particles standard sieve series was applied. The sorption of metals by the clay samples was performed using a mixed solution of multi metals in three replicates (21 samples), and 7 different concentrations of nitrate salts of copper, lead, cadmium, and nickel. The results showed that vermiculite, illite, kaolinite and chlorite were formed in fine clay minerals and kaolinite, illite and chlorite in coarse clay minerals. The amount of heavy metals in the soil samples around the factory, as well as in the factory's output dust, was less than the global standard, so it can be said that the Ilam Cement Factory did not have a significant impact on the pollution of the region. Competitive adsorption results showed that in all concentrations the sorption of copper metal by the clay particles was high, but nickel was low, Meanwhile, in higher concentrations (80 and 100 mg/l) sorption of cadmium and lead showed a sharp decrease. Generally the results revealed that, the amount of metal sorption is reduced as follows: Cu> Pb> Cd> Ni.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Heavy metals
  • Competitive Sorption
  • Clay mineral
  • Soil Pollution
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 73، شماره 3
آذر 1399
صفحه 501-514