نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

ارزیابی و مقایسه اثرات زیست محیطی معادن خاک و سنگ کارخانه سیمان شهر قاین با روش ماتریس ارزیابی سریع اثرات (RIAM)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط زیست-دانشکده منابع طبیعی ومحیط زیست دانشگاه بیرجند-خراسان جنوبی-ایران

2 شهرداری بیرجند،خراسان جنوبی، ایران

چکیده

استخراج معادن بر تغییر چشم انداز زمین، کیفیت خاک و منابع آب تأثیرگذار است. ارزیابی اثرات زیست محیطی بر بخش‌های بوم شناختی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی پروژه‌های معدنی و سایر طرح‌های توسعه به شناسایی، پیش‌بینی وکمی‌سازی پیامدهای حاصل از این گونه عملیات کمک شایانی خواهد نمود. ماتریس ارزیابی سریع اثرات (RIAM) وسیله‌ای برای سازماندهی، تحلیل و نشان دادن نتایج یک ارزیابی محیط زیستی جامع به‌شمار می‌رود. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی اثرات حاصل از فعالیت معادن سنگ و خاک کارخانه سیمان قاین واقع در استان خراسان جنوبی می‌باشد. بدین منظور پس از شناخت فازهای مختلف پروژه، به تفکیک چهار محیط فیزیکی-شیمیایی، بیولوژیکی-اکولوژیکی، اجتماعی- فرهنگی و اقتصادی- عملیاتی مورد بررسی و شناسایی قرار گرفت. ارزیابی و تجزیه و تحلیل این اثرات با استفاده از نرم افزار RIAM و ماتریس ارزیابی سریع (RIAM) در فاز بهره برداری صورت گرفت. مخرب‌ترین پیامدها (امتیاز 81-) مربوط به پارامترهای محیط بیولوژیکی-اکولوژیکی و نیز بیشترین میزان اثرات مثبت آن (36+) در محیط اجتماعی-فرهنگی معدن خاک گزارش شد همچنین در معدن سنگ مخرب‌ترین پیامدها با امتیاز 54- مربوط به پارامترهای فیزیکی شیمیایی و بیشترین امتیازات مثبت (36+)در ارتباط با پارامترهای اقتصادی بود. نتایج بیانگر کثرت اثرات منفی در این معادن می‌باشد که می‌توان با انجام اصلاحات لازم از قبیل استفاده از روش‌های بهسازی محیط، توسعه و ایجاد فضای سبز و درختکاری در اطراف معادن به صورت کمربند سبز و تثبیت خاک محدوده‌های مورد مطالعه این آثار را کاهش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison and Environmental Impact Assessment of soil and stone mines in the city of Qaen by the RIAM matrix

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Abbaspour 1
  • Mohsen Mohammadi 2

1 Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Iran.

2 Birjand Municipality, South Khorasan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Mining has an impact on changing the landscape, soil quality and water resources. Hence, assessing environmental impacts on ecological, economic and social sections of mineral projects and other developmental plans will help to identify, predict and mitigate the consequences of such operations. Cain's Cement Plant supplies primary raw materials for the production of cement from two mining and quarrying mines. After recognizing the different phases of the project, four physical-chemical, biological-ecological, socio-cultural, and economic-technical environments were identified. The evaluation and analysis of these effects was carried out using RIAM software and Rapid Assessment Matrix (RIAM) in the exploitation phase. The highest negative impact of the soil mine mining project was -81(Related to the parameters of the biological-ecological environment) and the highest positive effect was 36+ (In the Sociological -cultural environment of the soil mine), with the highest negative points related to the parameters of the biological and ecological environment of the soil mine. Also, in the Stone mining, the most negative points with -54 were physical chemical parameters and the highest positive scores with 36+ were related to economic parameters. The results indicate a multitude of negative effects in these mines, with the necessary corrections such as the use of environmental improvement methods, the development and creation of green areas and trees around the mines as green belts and the soil stabilization of the studied areas are reduced.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cement factory
  • environmental impact assessment
  • Stone and Soil Mines
  • Rapid Assessment Matrix
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 73، شماره 3
آذر 1399
صفحه 543-556