راهبردهای حفاظت از آهوی ایرانی (Gazella subgutturosa) در مناطق تحت حفاظت در استان خراسان رضوی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده منابع طبیعی

2 دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

3 دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان،

چکیده

آهوی ایرانی یکی از پستانداران ساکن دشت‌های استپی و بیابانی است که جمعیت آن به دلایل متعدد از جمله تخریب زیستگاه به شدت کاهش یافته است. زیستگاههای شرق کشور، بخصوص خراسان رضوی، نیز از این قضیه مستثنی نبوده و جمعیت آهوی ایرانی در این استان به شدت کاهش یافته و در برخی از این مناطق منقرض شده است. هدف از تحقیق حاضر تلفیق رویکردهای کمّی و کیفی نظیر SWOT، QSPM و AHPبه منظور شناخت و الویت بندی نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصت ها و تهدید های آهوی ایرانی در 13 منطقه تحت حفاظت در خراسان رضوی و ارائه راهکار های مدیریتی به منظور حفاظت از این گونه می باشد. نتایج نشان داد که بالا بودن تنوع زیستی، حضور گونه های شاخص و اعتقادات مردم مبنی بر تقدس آهو، مهمترین نقاط قوت است و بروز خشکسالی‌های متمادی، کم آبی و ضعف مدیریت و حفاظت ازگونه‌ها، مهمترین نقاط ضعف این مناطق به حساب می آید. در گروه فرصت ‌ها، زون بندی مناطق تحت حفاظت و استفاده از قابلیت‌های مختلف مناطق، مدیریت دام در مراتع و ایجاد شکارگاه خصوصی به صورت اشتغال برای بومیان و سودآوری اقتصادی به عنوان مهمترین فرصت ها شناخته شد. شکار غیر مجاز، چرای بی‌رویه دام و تخریب زیستگاه، مهمترین عوامل تهدید کننده آهو در مناطق تحت حفاظت استان می باشند. نتایج تحلیل SWOT نشان داد که وضعیت آهوان در مناطق تحت حفاظت استان در الگوی تدافعی (WT) با ارزش نهایی 438/0 قرار دارد و راهبردهایی را باید در مدیریت این گونه اتخاذ کرد که نقطه ضعف‌ها را به حداقل رساند و از تهدیدهای موجود بکاهد. بنابراین تدوین برنامه‌های کوتاه مدت و بلند مدت جهت کاهش عوامل تهدید کننده این گونه ارزشمند در خراسان رضوی ضروری است. تدوین برنامه مدیریتی منسجم با هماهنگی دستگاه های ذیربط و سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست استان برای مقابله با بروز خشکسالی متمادی و کم آبی در مناطق تحت حفاظت استان و تامین تجهیزات، امکانات و نیروی حفاظتی جهت حفاظت از مناطق تحت مدیریت به عنوان بهترین راهبرد شناسایی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Conservation strategies for the goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in Khorasan Razavi protecting areas

نویسندگان [English]

  • mansoureh malekian 1
  • Fatemeh Masoum 2
  • Mahmoud Hemami 3

1

2 Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology

3 Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology

چکیده [English]

Goitered gazelle is one of the mammals of Iran that its population has declined as a result of several threats such as habitat destruction. The reduction of gazelle populations has happened around the country including, Khorasan Razavi province, in which gazelle populations significantly reduced and the species has been extinct in some regions. In this study, a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches including SWOT, AHP and QSPM were used to investigate the most important internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (threats and opportunities) factors and to present the best management strategies to improve the status of the species. Results showed that high biodiversity, presence of key species and people`s respect to gazelles were the most important strengths, and drought and water shortages, and the lack of appropriate management and conservation programs were the most important weaknesses. The most important opportunities were zoning of protected areas and using their potentials, livestock management on rangelands and creating hunting areas for locals and economic profitability. Illegal hunting, illegal grazing and habitat destruction were the major threats. Overall SWOT in these protected areas revealed a mini-mini strategy (WT) with a final value of 0.438. According to the definition of this pattern, conservation strategies should be adopted in which minimize weaknesses and threats. Thus, short and long term plans should be prepared to reduce the threats for this species in Khorasan Razavi Province. Developing management plans in cooperation with relevant agencies and the department of environment to deal with prolonged drought and water shortages in protected areas and providing equipments and facilities for wildlife protection was identified as the best conservation strategy.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biodiversty
  • Strategic planning
  • Goitered gazelle
  • Khorasan Razavi
  • QSPM
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