نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

تصفیه نیترات زهاب های کشاورزی با استفاده از بیوراکتور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم آب، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین، ایران

2 هیات علمی گروه علوم و مهندسی آب دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین

3 گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین، ایران

4 متخصص زهکشی، ایران

چکیده

با افزایش روز افزون جمعیت نیاز به تولید محصولات کشاورزی و غذا افزایش پیدا کرده است. استفاده کشاورزان از کود‌های شیمیایی باعث آلودگی منابع آب و خاک می‌شود. از پرکاربردترین کود‌ها، کود نیتراته (اوره) است که آبشویی آن از طریق زهاب‌های کشاورزی مشکلات زیادی را برای محیط زیست به دنبال دارند. امروزه یکی از روش‌هایی که در علم زهکشی در کنار زهکشی کنترل شده برای حذف نیترات مورد توجه قرار گرفته است استفاده از بیوراکتور‌ها است. در این مطالعه از کاه و‌کلش گندم به عنوان بستر و محیط بیوراکتور برای تصفیه نیترات مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. پژوهش مورد نظر در 51 روز در سه تکرار و در چهار مرحله تزریق با زهابی با غلظت حدود 54 میلی‌گرم برلیتر برای نیترات انجام شد. تمام اندازه‌گیری‌ها در محل آزمایش با دستگاه فتومتر مدل 7100 انجام شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که غلظت نیترات با گذشت زمان بین 6 تا 24 ساعت پس از تزریق زهاب بین 54 تا 100 درصد کاهش می‌یابد؛ که بیانگر عملکرد قابل قبول این بیوراکتور بوده است. همچنین نتایج حاصل از آزمون‌های آماری نشان داد که با گذشت 51 روز از زمان ماند کاه‌وکلش گندم هیچ تفاوتی در میزان کاهش غلظت نیترات (عملکرد بیوراکتور) ایجاد نشده است. همچنین نتایج نشان داد در طول آزمایش، دما اثر معنی-داری بر کاهش غلظت نیترات نداشته است اما دمای بالاتر از 29 درجه سانتی‌گراد سرعت تصفیه نیترات را کاهش می‌دهد. با توجه به نتایج حاصل می‌توان از بیوراکتور‌ ها با بستر کاه و کلش گندم به منظور کاهش غلظت نیترات زهاب‌های خروجی در پایین دست مزارع استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Nitrate treatment of agricultural drainwater using bioreactor

نویسندگان [English]

  • Atena Nadery 1
  • Hadi Ramezani Etedali 2
  • Abbas Kaviani 3
  • mojtaba Akram 4
  • Mohammad Bijankhan 3

1 t, Water Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Imam Khomeini International University of Qazvin, Iran

2 Department of Water Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

3 Water Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Imam Khomeini International University of Qazvin, Iran

4 DrainageSpecialist,Iran

چکیده [English]

With increasing population growth, the need for food has increased, resulting in increased agricultural production needs. To produce more, there are three important sources of soil, water and fertilizer, the unskilled use of chemical fertilizers by farmers leads to damage to the soil and to water and, consequently, to human health. Over the last few decades, attention has grown to the environment, and hence the preservation of natural resources, including water and land, has become more important. Of the most widely used fertilizers, nitrate fertilizers (urea) and phosphate fertilizers are introduced into the environment after the use of additional amounts through agricultural drainage, which has led to phenomena such as nutrition, as well as dangerous diseases such as cancer. Filtration of these elements requires high costs. But a new method in drainage science is being studied and studied, which, along with controlled drainage, can solve many of these problems. This method uses bioreactors that have a natural background and can provide a good environment for the activity of the biologists. Regarding the costs and availability of wheat in all parts of Iran, wheat straw were selected as a bioreactor bed. The research was carried out in 24 hours with three replications of this experiment with a wastewater with about 54 mg/L nitrate. All measurements were carried out on the test site with a 7100 photometer. The results of this study showed that nitrate concentration decreases over time. The results of this study showed that the decrease in nitrate concentration increased over time. Minimum reduction rate of nitrate was 54% and the maximum reduction was 100%, which showed acceptable performance of the bioreactor. Also, the results of statistical tests such as t and analysis of variance showed that 51 days of wheat straw had no difference in the reduction of nitrate concentration (bioreactor yield). There was a significant effect of temperature and initial concentration on the results. In the first step, the initial concentration was ineffective in this study and the covariance test was performed to examine the effect of temperature on the longevity of straw and straw that showed a lack of temperature effect. According to the results, we can use the bioreactor with wheat straw to reduce nitrate concentration of drain water in downstream fields.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bioreactor
  • Nitrate concentration
  • wheat straw
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 73، شماره 3
آذر 1399
صفحه 613-624