بررسی پیامدهای گردشگری بر خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک (مطالعه موردی ذخیره گاه جنگلی فندقلو اردبیل)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشکده‌ی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

3 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

4 استادیار گروه جنگلداری دانشگاه تبریز

5 دانشگاه گیلان، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، گروه جنگلداری

چکیده

وجود جنگلها به عنوان محلی برای گذراندن اوقات فراغت شهروندان در کنار شهرها بسیار مفید استامّا فعالیتهای تفرجی کنترل نشده منجر به آسیب اکوسیستم جنگل خواهد شد. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثرات فعالیت‌های تفرجی بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک جنگل فندقلو شامل میانگین وزنی قطر (MWD) خاکدانه‌ها، جرم مخصوص حقیقی (Dp)، جرم مخصوص ظاهری (Db)، تخلخل کل (n)، درصد شن، سیلت و رس، رطوبت اشباع، رطوبت ظرفیت زراعی (FC)، رطوبت نقطه پژمردگی دائم (PWP)، ظرفیت آب قابل استفاده (AWC) و کربن آلی (OC) می‌باشد. آزمایش به صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی در قالب سه تیمار شامل سطح بدون تفرج (شاهد)، سطح تفرج متوسط و سطح تفرج شدید انجام شد. نمونه‌‌برداری خاک در امتداد ترانسکت‌ها انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که فعالیت‌های تفرجی در خاک جنگل به طور معنی‌دار(01/0 p <)، به ترتیب باعث افزایش میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه‌ها به میزان 3/9 و 30 درصد، رس به میزان 121 و 153 درصد، جرم مخصوص ظاهری به میزان 09/3 و 23 درصد، جرم مخصوص حقیقی به میزان 45/0 و 39/6 درصد، رطوبت نقطه پژمردگی دائم به میزان 47/41 و 45/62 درصد و همچنین باعث کاهش کربن آلی به میزان 2/4 و 77/6 درصد، شن به میزان 2/11 و 39/14 درصد، رطوبت ظرفیت زراعی به میزان 11/7 و 1/18 درصدو ظرفیت آب قابل استفاده به میزان 45/39 و 75/71 درصد به ترتیب در منطقه‌ی تفرج متوسط و شدید نسبت به منطقه‌ی بدون تفرج‌گر (شاهد)گردید. تأثیر فعالیت‌های تفرجی بر تخلخل، رطوبت اشباع و سیلت معنی‌دار نشد. بر اساس نتایج تحقیق حاضر فعالیت‌های تفرجی از طریق افزایش جرم مخصوص ظاهری باعث فشردگی بیشتر خاک جنگلی و در نتیجه کاهش کیفیت فیزیکی خاک و توانایی نگهداری آب در خاک برای رشد گیاه می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of the effect of recreational activities on forest soil physical properties (case study: fandoghlou park, Ardabil, Iran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • rouhazgiz ghasemzadeh 1
  • Shokrollah Asghari 2
  • farshad keyvan behjoo 3
  • sajad ghanbari 4
  • alireza ghomi motazeh 5

1 University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Department of Agricultural Technology &amp; Natural Resources, Ardebil, Iran

2 Associate Prof., Dept. of Soil Science and Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

3 University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Department of Agricultural Technology &amp; Natural Resources, Ardebil, Iran.

4 University of tariz, Department of Natural Resources, tabriz, Iran.

5 University of guilan, Department of Natural Resources, guilan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Forests are often the only freely accessible natural areas near cities to spend some leisure time, but uncontrolled recreational activities can disturb forest ecosystem. The objective of present study isevaluation the effects of recreational activities on some soil physical properties in fandoghlou forest including mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates, particle density (Dp), bulk density (Db), total porosity (n), percent of sand, silt, clay, saturation moisture, field capacity moisture (FC), permanent wilting point moisture (PWP), available water capacity (AWC) and organic carbon (OC). The experiment was conducted with randomized completely design at 3 treatmentsincluding no recreational use, middle recreational use and high recreational use) with 30 replications. Soil sampling conducted along transects. The result showed that increase of recreational activities significantly (P <0.01) increased organic carbon 4.2 and 6.77 percent, MWD of aggregate 9.3 and 30 percent, clay 121 and 153 percent, bulk density 3.09 and 23 percent, particle density 0.45 and 6.39 percent, permanent wilting point moisture 41.47 and 62.45 percent and decreased sand 11.2 and 14.39 percent, field capacity moisture 7.11 and 18.1 and available water capacity 39.45 and 71.75, respectively in middle and high recreational areas rather than no recreational area.Effect of recreational activities on total porosity, silt and saturation moisture was not significant. According to the results of present study, recreational activities by increasing bulk density causedincreasing of soil compaction, decreasing of soil physical quality and ability of soil to surviving plant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fandoghlou park
  • Forest
  • Recreation
  • Soil
  • Tourist
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