نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

منشاء یابی گرد و غبار با استفاده از نسبت یونها و مرفولوژی ذرات در نیمه غربی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه کردستان

2 دانشیار گروه محیط زیست دانشگاه کردستان سنندج صندوق پستی 416 ایران آلودگی خاک، آلودگی آب، ارزیابی خاکhs

چکیده

پدیده گردوغبار در نیمه غربی ایران معضلات محیط زیستی زیادی به بار آورده، بنابراین شناخت جنبه‌های کمی و کیفی آن ضروری است. این تحقیق به بررسی نسبت یون‌ها و مرفولوژی ذرات گردوغبار با هدف تعیین منابع احتمالی دخیل در ایجاد گرد-وغبار می‌پردازد. نمونه‌‌برداری بمدت یک‌‌سال در شهرهای سنندج، خرم آباد و اندیمشک به روش غیرفعال صورت گرفت. مقادیر سنجش شده بوسیله IC با استفاده از نسبت‌های Cl-/Na+، Mg2+/Na+ و NO3-/SO42- ارزیابی شدند. آنالیز داده‌ها با نرم‌افزارهای Spss-ver23 وExcel-2016 انجام پذیرفت. نتایج نشان داد کلسیم میانگین درصد بیشتری نسبت به سایر کاتیون‌ها در سه ایستگاه (684/3 %، 488/5% ،444/4 %) دارد. آنیون‌ها در سه ایستگاه میانگین درصد مشابهی داشتند. بالا بودن درصد یون‌ها موید منشا خاکزاد و نقش رسوبات تبخیری در پدیده گرد‌و‌غبار می‌باشد. میانگین نسبت Cl-/Na+ در ایستگاه‌های سنندج و اندیمشک (815/0، 432/0) کمتر از استاندارد منابع دریایی (17/1) بدست آمد. نسبت Mg2+/Na+ در سه ایستگاه بالاتر از حد استاندارد منابع دریایی بود (23/0). بررسی نسبت یون‌ها نشان داد ذرات گرد و غبار از بسترهای خشک شده منابع آبی (مناطق تولید گردو غبار فرامرزی و داخلی) که با خشکسالی از بین رفته‌اند منشا گرفته‌اند و در مسیر انتقال، بوسیله جریان هوا ترکیب یون‌ها بواسطه ترکیب با عوامل مختلف دچار تغییرات، واکنش‌ها و نوساناتی گردیده است. اندازه ذرات گرد‌وغبار با دور شدن از منبع شکل گیری آن‌ها (غبارهای فرامرزی) تمایل به ریز شدن داشتند. بطوریکه میانگین اندازه ذرات در سنندج 9/7، خرم آباد 9/8 و اندیمشک 6/10 میکرومتر بود. مرفولوژی ذرات در سه ایستگاه به شکل کروی، نیمه‌کروی و زاویه‌دار بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Detecting origin of dust-fall using ions ratio and morphology of the particles in western Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nahid Mahmoodimahpash 1
  • Bubak Souri 2

1 Graduate of Kurdistan University

2 Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416 Sanandaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

The phenomenon of dust has caused many environmental problems in the western half of Iran. Therefore, recognition of this phenomenon from two aspects of quantity and quality is necessary. This study investigates the ions ratios as well as the morphology of dust particles in order to determine the possible sources involved in dust-fall. Sampling was carried out for one year through the passive method in Sanandaj, Khorramabad and Andimeshk cities.the measured components using Ion Chromatography were evaluated by Cl-/Na+, Mg2+/Na+, and NO3-/SO42- ratios.The resulted data were also analyzed using Exel-2016 and Spss-ver 23 softwares. The results showed that calcium ion has got more percentage average in comparison with other cations in the three stations (3.684%, 5.488%, 4.444%). An-ions have similar average percentages for the three stations. High percentages of ions in dust-fall confirm soil origin and role of evaporites in dust-fall phenomenon. Average of Cl-/Na+ in Sanandaj and Andimeshk stations (0.432, 0.815) were found to be less than seawater standards (1.17). Mg2+/Na+ ratio was higher than the standard of seawater ratio (0.23) for the three stations. Investigation of ratios of the measured ions also showed that dust-fall particles are originated from drylands (transboundary and inland dust production areas) particularly wetlands currently dried because of drought condition and during transportation, by air flows admixtion of ions by different actions are face changes, reactions , and fluctuations. The size of dust were likely to get small by diverging of their shaping origians (transboundary dusts).So the average of dusts size were sanandaj 7.9, Khorramabad 8.9 , and andimeshk 10.6 micrometer. Morphology of the particles was round sphere, semi-sphere , and angular shapes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sanandaj
  • Khorramabad
  • Andimeshk
  • Ionic ratio
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 73، شماره 2
مرداد 1399
صفحه 355-367