نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

بررسی تغییرات ساختاری حوزه آبخیز انزلی براساس رهیافت اکولوژی سیمای سرزمین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی پژوهشکده محیط زیست جهاد دانشگاهی

2 کارشناس پژوهشی پژوهشکده محیط زیست جهاد دانشگاهی

چکیده

حوزه آبخیز انزلی از مهمترین حوزه های استان گیلان بوده که تالاب بین المللی انزلی را در خود جای داده است. هدف این تحقیق بررسی تغییرات ساختاری حوزه آبخیز انزلی از طریق بررسی تغییرات زمانی الگوی سیمای سرزمین وکمک گرفتن از چارچوب مفهومی DPSIR برای شناسایی وضعیت حوزه آبخیز تالاب انزلی و ارائه راهکارهای مناسب برای حفاظت و مدیریت یکپارچه سیمای سرزمین بوده است. در تحقیق حاضر جهت بررسی تغییرات کاربری اراضی با استفاده از سنجش ازدور، از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای لندست برای سال‌های 1994، 2008و 2018 استفاده شد. سپس از سنجه های سیمای سرزمینNP, CA, PD, PLAND,LPI, CORE-AM جهت کمی‌سازی و بررسی پدیدهای رخ داده در سرزمین استفاده گردید. در این راستا، پوشش اراضی جنگل، کشاورزی ، شهری و آب که مهم‌ترین تغییرات را داشتند مد نظر قرار گرفتند. سپس با کمک گرفتن از چارچوب مفهومی DPSIR مهمترین نیروهای محرکه، تغییرات و فشارها و پیامد‌های مترتب بر آنها تعیین گردید. تحلیل سنجه هانشان داد که در سطح اراضی جنگلی و بدون پوشش پدیده حذف، اراضی کشاورزی وشهر پدیده خلق یا ایجاد، اراضی مرتعی پدیده توسعه و در سطح کلاس آب پدیده قطعه قطعه شدن روی داده است. نتایج مدل کیفی DPSIR نشان داد که عامل اصلی تغییر در حوزه آبخیز انزلی رشد جمعیت، سکونتگاه‌ها و مناطق شهری و توسعه کشاورزی است. در مجموع پدیده‌های رخ داده در سیمای سرزمین مورد بررسی بیانگر آن است که لکه‌های اختلالی شهری و کشاورزی از طریق وقوع الگوی خلق یا ایجاد ،توسعه یافته و لکه‌های طبیعی مانند جنگل و آب از طریق وقوع الگوهای حذف و تکه تکه شدن تخریب شده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Structural Changes in Anzali Watershed Based on Landscape Ecology Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Panahandeh 1
  • Mondana Azizi 2

1 Assistant professor of environmental research institute ,Academic Center for Education,Culture&Research(ACECR)

2 Research Expert of environmental research institute ,Academic Center for Education,Culture&Research(ACECR)

چکیده [English]

Anzali watershed is one of the most important watersheds of Guilan province which houses Anzali International Wetland. The purpose of this study was to investigate structural changes in Anzali watershed through temporal changes of landscape pattern and use of DPSIR to identify Anzali watershed status and provide appropriate solutions for integrated landscaping protection and management. In this study, Landsat satellite imagery for 1994, 2008 and 2018 was used to investigate land use changes using remote sensing. Then, landscape metrics of NP, CA, PD, PLAND, LPI, CORE-AM were used to quantify and investigate the phenomena occurring in the land. In this regard, the most important changes were forest, agricultural, urban and water cover. Then, within the DPSIR conceptual framework, the most important driving forces, changes and pressures and their associated consequences were determined. Analyzes of metrics showed that at the level of forest and barr land the phenomenon of Attrition, agricultural lands and cities creation phenomenon, rangelands of Enlargment phenomena and at the water class level the phenomenon of Disection occurred. The results of DPSIR qualitative model showed that the main factor of change in Anzali watershed is population growth, settlements and urban areas and agricultural development. Overall, the phenomena occurring in the landscape under study explanatory that urban and agricultural disordered patch disturbances expansion are caused by the creation patterns, and that natural patch such as forest and water are destroyed through the patterns of Attrition and Disection.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anzali Watershed
  • Landscape Metrics
  • LandUse Changes
  • DPSIR Framework
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 73، شماره 2
مرداد 1399
صفحه 227-241