نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

مقایسه کارایی باکتری های محرک رشد و کود شیمیایی در بهبود رشد و عملکرد گیاه گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

امروزه استفاده بی‎رویه از کودهای شیمیایی در زمین‎های کشاورزی به دلیل نگرانی‏های زیست محیطی مورد بحث است، بنابراین یافتن راهکارهای جایگزین برای کاهش اثرات مضر فعالیت‎های کشاورزی حائز اهمیت است. هدف از این تحقیق، بررسی پتانسیل جدایه‏های فراریشه‏ای و درون‏رست جداسازی شده از ریشه گیاه گندم به منظور بررسی ویژگی‏های محرک رشد و اثر آن‌ها بر شاخص‎های رشد گیاه گندم و کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی فسفر بود. به این منظور ابتدا باکتری‎ها از نظر تولید هورمون ایندول استیک اسید در محیط کشت حاوی ال-تریپتوفان غربال‎گری شدند و توانایی آن‏ها در انحلال فسفات‌های نامحلول معدنی و آلی ارزیابی شد. در ادامه توانایی این باکتری‎ها در بهبود رشد گیاه گندم در یک آزمایش گلخانه‎ای در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. جدایه‎های فراریشه‏ای R185 و درون‎رست E240 به‎ترتیب با تولید 2/299 و 1/330 میکرو‎گرم بر میلی‎لیتر فسفر و همچنین تولید 2/19 و 22 میکروگرم بر میلی‎لیتر هورمون ایندول استیک اسید به عنوان جدایه‎هایی با توان انحلال فسفات‎های نامحلول و مولد ایندول استیک اسید انتخاب شدند. نتایج حاصل از تعیین توالی 16S rRNA نشان داد که جدایه‏های باکتریایی فراریشه‏ای (R185) و درون‏رست (E240) از جنس Pseudomonas بودند. به استناد نتایج حاصله، مایه‏کوبی تلفیقی با باکتری‏های فراریشه‏ای و درون‎رست موجب افزایش 6/55 درصدی در مقدار فسفر گیاه شد در حالی‎که این مقدار در مورد مایه‏کوبی جداگانه با باکتری‏های فراریشه‏ای و درون‎رست به‏ترتیب 6/35 و 4/36 درصد بود. در ارتباط با ارقام گندم، رقم روشن نسبت به رقم مرودشت درصد فسفر بالاتر (7/4 درصد) و بیومس ریشه بیشتری (2/14 درصد) تولید کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria and Chemical Fertilizers on Improving Growth and Yield of Wheat

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somayeh Emami
  • Hossein Ali Alikhani
  • Ahmad Ali Pourbabaee
  • Hassan Etesami
  • Fereydoon Sarmadian
  • Babak Motesharezadeh

university of tehran

چکیده [English]

Currently, the excessive application of chemical fertilizers in agriculture field is under debate due to environmental concerns. Therefore, it is important to find the alternative strategies to reduce harmful effects of farming practices. Aims of the research was to investigate the potential of rhizosphere and endophytic bacterial isolates isolated from the roots of wheat plant in terms of plant growth promoting (PGP) traits and study their effect on the wheat plant growth indices and decreased phosphorus (P) fertilizer use. To this end, the isolated bacteria were first screened for the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the presence of tryptophan in the culture medium, and then the bacteria were tested for their ability to dissolve inorganic and organic phosphates. Then, the ability of these bacteria to improve wheat plant growth was conducted in a completely randomized design under greenhouse condition. Rhizospheric isolate R185 and endophyte isolate E240 produced 299.2 and 330.1 μg / ml P respectively and also produced 19.2 and 22 μg / ml IAA, respectively. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that these bacterial isolates were Pseudomonas. The results obtained from pot assay showed that the combined use of the strains caused a significant increase in wheat growth and nutritional indices (an increase of 55.6% in the amount of plant P) compared to their single application (35.6 and 36.4% increase in plant P content by R185 and E240, respectively). Among the cultivars evaluated, Roshan cultivar had a higher percentage of P (4.7%) and biomass (14.2%) than Marvdasht cultivar.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rhizospheric and endophyte bacteria
  • chemical fertilizer
  • wheat
  • biofertilizer
  • plant growth promoting traits
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 73، شماره 2
مرداد 1399
صفحه 211-225